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Worms Flashcards

1
Q

Albendazole- mechanism, diseases

A

Inhibit glucose uptake

Roundworms (NOT filaria)

echino and cysticer (tape)

clonorchis (fluke)

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2
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis- clinical

A

Most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis

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3
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis- host, source, Sx (1), Tx

A

rat (lungworm)

raw snails, vegetables contaminated by snails

meningitis (most common cause eosinophilic)

surgical removal from CNS

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4
Q

ansiakiasis- geo, source, Sx (2), Tx

A

Japan but worldwide raw fish

GI, allergy

remove

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5
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides- host, transmission, Sx, Tx, dx, key sx

A

Human

FO

Loefflers, urticarial, SBO, cough up worm, eos, appy, chole GI -> lung -> gi

ALB

most common helminth

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6
Q

Autoinfective worms (5-SCHET), parasites (2-BC)

A

strongy, capillaria, H. nana, enterobius, T. solium

Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis hominis

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7
Q

Baliascaris- host, transmission, key sx (2), tx

A

racoon

FO, dirt, infected rabbit

VLM, neuro

ALB =/- pred

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8
Q

Blastocystis hominus classification, transmission

A

Stramenopile

Fecal oral transmission, Autoinfective

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9
Q

Capillaria hepatica- geo, source, Sx

A

worldwide

carnivores, rodents, pigs

hepatic, pulmonary, disseminated

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10
Q

Capillaria phillippensis- class, geo, vector, Sx, Tx

A

nematode

Asia

raw freshwater fish AND autoinfective

abd pain, diarrhea, malabsorption

ALB

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11
Q

Causes larva currens

A

srongyloides

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12
Q

causes of VLM (6)- TTG ABC

A

toxocaria, baliascaris, trichinella, Gnathostoma, angiostrongylus cantonensis, capillaria hepatica

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13
Q

Causes river blindness

A

onchocerciasis

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14
Q

Causes sowda

A

Onchocerciasis

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15
Q

Chrysops fly

A

Loa

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16
Q

Clonorchis- type, geo, source, Tx, complication

A

hepatic fluke

most common in China

raw fish

PZA

biliary CA

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17
Q

culicoides midge

A

mansonella

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18
Q

Cysticercosis- agent, Sx (4), Tx

A

Taenia solium egg

FO (man acts like intermediate)

Sx: neuro, subq, muscle, ocular

pred, surgery, ALB, PZQ

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19
Q

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)- dz (3L)

A

LF (no oncho) Loa (no oncho) visceral larva migrans

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20
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum- type, host/source, geo, Sx, Tx

A

cestode/broad tape

Host dogs and cats (mammals) -> snail -> most fish

Europe, Americas, Former USSR (N hemisphere and SA)

GI obstruction, B12 def

Tx PZQ

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21
Q

Dipylidium caninum- host, intermediate host, Sx, Tx, micro special

A

dog

dog flea ingested by man

rice in diaper

PZQ

only egg with hooklets

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22
Q

Doxycycline- dz

A

LF adult, kills Wolbachia bacteria

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23
Q

Echinococcus granulosus (cystic)- host, intermediate host, geo, Sx, Tx

A

dog

sheep (any herd animal)

worldwide

liver, lung surgery, PAIR, ALB

hydatid cysts with visible protoscolex

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24
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar)- host, intermediate host, geo, Sx, Tx

A

fox

rodent

Northern hemisphere

liver, acts like cancer

surgery, ALB, long term F/U

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25
Echinococcus types, geo
E. granulosis- worldwide E. multilocularus- northern hemisphere E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus- Central and South America.
26
Enterobius- dz, host, transmission, Tx
pinworm human FO ALB
27
Fasciola hepatica- host, geo, source, characteristic finding, Tx
sheep/cattle worldwide water cress liver rot triclabendazole
28
Fasciolopsis buski- type, source, Sx, Tx, associated with..
largest intestinal fluke pig/human feces Plants, snail, amphib, reptile, insects GI PZA famines
29
Gnathostoma spinigerum- family, geo, cycle, Sx (3), Tx
nematode Asia cat/dog/pig -\> egg -\> fresh snail -\> larvae -\> fish, frog, snake, crabs, retiles VLM, eos, migratory swelling, OLM, CLM ALB, IVM
30
Guinea worm- agent, geo, source, Tx
Dracunculus medinensis Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Sudan still have drink water with copepods removal
31
Helminth infections causing eosinophilia
Ascaris lumbricoides , Strongyloides stercoralas , Lymphatic filariasis , Schistosoma hematobium , Angiostrongylus species , Necator Americanus
32
Heterophyes- type, geo, micro, Sx, Tx
intestinal fluke (trematode) Mid East and Far East small egg- 30 micron most GI, possible cardiac (only worm) and brain Tx: PZQ
33
Hookworm- agent, host, transmission, key sx, tx
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus Human FO anemia, eos due to pulmonary phase ALB, MEB
34
Hymenolepiasis- geo, host, transmission
worldwide beetle/arthropod FO, eggs auto infective most common cestode in man
35
Hymenolepis diminuta
rat tapeworm, 20-60 µm rarely seen in humans.
36
Ivermectin- mechanism, diseases (Main 3 SOL) contraindication
Bind chloride channels Oncho, strongy, LF Also gnathostomiasis, ascaris, trichuris, enterobius, CLM, lice, scabies Avoid Loa
37
Katayama fever- agent, etiology
schisto serum sickness
38
Katayama syndrome- agent, Sx, source, CXR, dx, tx
Schistosomiasis hypersenitivity fresh water fever, hives, cough lower lobe infiltrates and nodules urine/stool/serology may take months to turn pos delay Tx until eggs (adult worms), then PZQ
39
LF + Loa Tx
doxy
40
LF + oncho Tx
IVM
41
LF lone infection tx
DEC +/- ALB
42
Loa + oncho Tx
low Loa MF: IVM -\> DEC (Tx oncho 1st) high Loa MF -\> apheresis/albendazole -\> IVM -\> DEC
43
Loa alone tx
DEC
44
LoaLoa- geo, host, vector, dz, Tx, Dx
West central Africa Human only Chrysops fly Calabar, urticarial, eye DEC- monoinfection (if oncho with low Loa MF: IVM -\> DEC if oncho with high Loa MF -\> aphoresis or albendazole -\> IVM -\> DEC) Noon smear
45
location of adult worms of schisto
mansoni- sup mes v lg intestine hematobium- venous plexus bladder/rectum Japonicum- sup mes v small intestine
46
Loeffler's syndrome-agent, cause
Ascaris pulmonary allergy
47
longest tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
48
Lymphatic filariasis - species, host, vector, dz (3), Tx (3), Dx
Wucheria bancrofi (worldwide tropical) + Brugia sp (B. malayi- Asia, B. timori- Indonesia) Human (B. malayi has monkey/cat) any mosquito LAD, skin, edema, hydroceles, Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia DEC and alb (doxy with Loa, IVM with oncho) Midnight smear, may filter Wucheria emty tail, Brugia 2 nuclei
49
Mansonella Sx
CLM, HA, aches, VLM, Hepatomegaly, LAD
50
Mansonella- vector (2), micro, 4 types, geo, Tx, Dx
Culicoides (midges) AND Simulium (black fly) small filaria, no sheath strepto- Africa ozzardi- Americas perstans- both M. perstans with Wolbachia (Mali) -\> 6 wks of doxy without Wolbachia -\> DEC + MEB x 21 d. M. streptocerca or M. ozzardi- IVM x 1 smear or snip
51
Mebendazole- dz
Roundworms- Ascaris, hookworm, enterobia, trichuris
52
Metagonimus- fame, geo
smallest human fluke Asia
53
Micro Loa vs Wucheria
both sheath Loa 200 microns, W 300 microns Loa dense nuclei, W loose Loa tail full to tip, W tip empty
54
most common cestode in man
Hymenolepiasis nana
55
most common helminth to man? in US
Ascaris, pinworm
56
most common method diagnose cholera
clinical other test for confirming outbreaks- selective media culture, darkfield, rapid
57
Myiasis
Tumbu (clothing) or botfly (hitchhike egg on mosquito)-\> eggs hatch in skin
58
niclosamide treats
taenia
59
Oesophagostomum- family, Sx
nematode GI, obstruction, acute abdomen, perforation
60
Onchocerca alone Tx
IVM
61
Onchocerciasis volvulus- host, vector, Sx(3), Tx, Dx
Human Simulium (black fly)- fast moving rivers River blindness (all but lens affected) subq nodules where worms replicate (Sowda), itchy skin atrophy (leapoard, lizard), hanging scrotum Skin snip, Mazzoti rxn to DEC IVM kills MF (no Loa), doxy adult Wolbachia.
62
Only worm cyst with with protoscolex
Echinococcus granulosus
63
Only worm egg with hooklets
Dipylidium caninum
64
Opisthorchis- geo, source, organ, PZA
O. felinius (Eurasia), O. vivrrini (Asia) raw fish biliary PZA
65
PAIR
PAIR (Percutaneous aspiration injection re-aspiration) Asp \> 30% Replace with scolicidal agent (hyper saline or ethanol) Wait 30 min then reaspirate 95% cure rate
66
Paragonimus- geo, source, Sx, Tx, DDx, egg
P. westermani (Far East). Other species worldwide Fresh water crab GI, fever RARE lung cysts, thick red-brown sputum PZA looks like TB 70-90 microns, oval, thick shell. Operculum flattened
67
Praziquantil- dz
Flukes (include schisto) tapeworm (EXCEPT alb for larval cysti and echino)
68
Pregnancy safe anti-parasitic (9)
praziquantil, pyrantel, nitazoxamide, DEC, flagyl, Chlroquine, quinine, mefloquine, artemisinin (not 1st)
69
Pyrantel pamoate- dz
roundworms- ascaris, enterobiasis, trichuriasis, strongy
70
Scabies Tx
IVM
71
Schisto source, 3 syndromes, Tx, Dx
swimmers itch, Katayama fever, chronic including Symmer's pred then PZQ (fails ALB x1) rectal/bladder snip
72
Schisto- 3 types and geo
mansoni- AF, SA, Med, ME japonicum- AS hematobium- AF, ME
73
Schistosoma in Asia
S. japonicum , S. mekongi
74
Schistosomas (2) presenting with transverse myelitis with flaccid paralysis.
S. haematobium and S.mansoni due to shape and spine get stuck in spinal arteries
75
Schistosomiasis- source, host, reproduction
Intermediate host needed skin penetration Sexual reproduction
76
Simulin black fly
oncho, mansonella
77
Sparganosis- agent, geo, life cycle, Sx, Tx
Spirometra cestode/tapeworm worldwide host dogs and cats -\> snail -\> fish/reptile/amphibian Sx from All LM Tx surgical (drug resistant)
78
Swimmer's itch- agent, source, Tx timing
Schistosomiasis fresh water delay PZQ 6 weeks until adult worm
79
Symmer's
pipestem hepatic dx due to schisto
80
Taenia saginata- host, source, Tx, micro
man raw beef cysts PZQ, niclosamide suckers only
81
Taenia solium- host, source, Tx, micro
man (pig intermediate) raw pork cysts PZQ, niclosamide crown and suckers
82
Thread worm- agent, host (3), transmission, key sx, dx, tx
Strongyloides primate, cats, dogs FO, autoinfect larva currens on buttox; pulmonary super infection with steroids larvae in stool, Cx showing bacterial tracts, ELISA IVM (fails sgl dose ALB)
83
Toxocaria- host, transmission, key sx (2), tx
dog, cat feces FO VLM, ocular DDX retinoblastoma ALB +/- pred
84
Toxoplasma gondii- maternal, neonatal tests, risks
IgM pos up to a year (may be false pos so confirm with IgG later; IgG pos after couple weeks with rising titer) infant- check IgA and IgM severity worse 1st tri, higher transmission 3rd trimester
85
treatment for strongy
IVM
86
Trematode blood (1) hepatic (3) GI (1) pulm (1)
Schistosoma Clonorchis Fasciola Opisthorchis Fasciolopsis Paragonimus
87
Trichinella- class, host, source, Sx (2), Tx
round pig wild game/bears, pork VLM, acute GI, edema, eosinophilia, diarrhea, myalgia ALB
88
Trichostrongylus- type, host
nematode herbivores
89
Trichuris trichuria- mode, mature in, reporduction, Sx, Tx
Fecal-oral Matures in the environment (not in a host) Sexual reproduction Limited to intestinal infection ALB, IVM alt
90
Triclabendazole- dz
Fasciola hepatica
91
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia caused by
LF
92
Whipworm- agent, host, transmission, key sx, tx, egg
Trichuris trichiuria human FO rectal prolapse (only colon) MEB, ALB bipolar barrel
93
worm cause SBO
Ascaris lumbricoides
94
worm causing anemia due blood loss
hookworm (Ancylostoma and Necator Americanus)
95
worm causing B12 deficiency
Diphyllobothrium latum
96
worm causing larva currens
strongyloides
97
worm causing Loeffler's syndrome
Ascaris lumbricoides
98
worm causing rectal prolapse
trichuris tricuria
99
worm causing SBO
Ascaris
100
worm causing TPE
LF (Wucheria bancrofi + Brugia sp)
101
Worm that has a free-living form
strongy
102
worms affecting the eyes (4)
oncho, Loa, toxocaria, cysticercosis (T. solium)
103
Worms causing creeping eruptions (5)
hookworm, strongy, gnathstoma, Fasciola, migratory myiasis
104
worms in raw fish (4 round GAAC + 1 tape +2 fluke)
round- Capillaria phillippensis, ansiakiasis, Gnathostoma spinigerum, Angiostrongylus cantonensis tape- Diphyllobothrium latum fluke- Clonorchis, opisthorchis
105
Worms penetrating skin
Hookworm, schisto, strongyloides
106
Worms with pulmonary phase- ASH
strongy, ascaris, hookworm (Ancyclostma duodenal is, Necator americanus)
107
108
top 2 causes of blindness
1- chlamydia trachomatis- 41 mill infected 2- oncho- 17 mill infected, 500K impaired, 270K blind
109
Oroyo fever- agent, Sx, Dx, Tx
B. bacilliformis fever, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, CHF, neuro verruga peruana in some 1-2 mos later smear- intracellulaer coccobacilli Cipro +/- rocephin
110
Tungiasis- agent, Sx, Tx
Chigoe flea in skin, releasing eggs removal

Tropical Medicine (7 decks)

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