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Worms Flashcards

1
Q

Albendazole- mechanism, diseases

A

Inhibit glucose uptake

Roundworms (NOT filaria)

echino and cysticer (tape)

clonorchis (fluke)

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2
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis- clinical

A

Most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis

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3
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis- host, source, Sx (1), Tx

A

rat (lungworm)

raw snails, vegetables contaminated by snails

meningitis (most common cause eosinophilic)

surgical removal from CNS

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4
Q

ansiakiasis- geo, source, Sx (2), Tx

A

Japan but worldwide raw fish

GI, allergy

remove

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5
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides- host, transmission, Sx, Tx, dx, key sx

A

Human

FO

Loefflers, urticarial, SBO, cough up worm, eos, appy, chole GI -> lung -> gi

ALB

most common helminth

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6
Q

Autoinfective worms (5-SCHET), parasites (2-BC)

A

strongy, capillaria, H. nana, enterobius, T. solium

Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis hominis

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7
Q

Baliascaris- host, transmission, key sx (2), tx

A

racoon

FO, dirt, infected rabbit

VLM, neuro

ALB =/- pred

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8
Q

Blastocystis hominus classification, transmission

A

Stramenopile

Fecal oral transmission, Autoinfective

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9
Q

Capillaria hepatica- geo, source, Sx

A

worldwide

carnivores, rodents, pigs

hepatic, pulmonary, disseminated

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10
Q

Capillaria phillippensis- class, geo, vector, Sx, Tx

A

nematode

Asia

raw freshwater fish AND autoinfective

abd pain, diarrhea, malabsorption

ALB

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11
Q

Causes larva currens

A

srongyloides

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12
Q

causes of VLM (6)- TTG ABC

A

toxocaria, baliascaris, trichinella, Gnathostoma, angiostrongylus cantonensis, capillaria hepatica

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13
Q

Causes river blindness

A

onchocerciasis

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14
Q

Causes sowda

A

Onchocerciasis

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15
Q

Chrysops fly

A

Loa

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16
Q

Clonorchis- type, geo, source, Tx, complication

A

hepatic fluke

most common in China

raw fish

PZA

biliary CA

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17
Q

culicoides midge

A

mansonella

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18
Q

Cysticercosis- agent, Sx (4), Tx

A

Taenia solium egg

FO (man acts like intermediate)

Sx: neuro, subq, muscle, ocular

pred, surgery, ALB, PZQ

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19
Q

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)- dz (3L)

A

LF (no oncho) Loa (no oncho) visceral larva migrans

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20
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum- type, host/source, geo, Sx, Tx

A

cestode/broad tape

Host dogs and cats (mammals) -> snail -> most fish

Europe, Americas, Former USSR (N hemisphere and SA)

GI obstruction, B12 def

Tx PZQ

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21
Q

Dipylidium caninum- host, intermediate host, Sx, Tx, micro special

A

dog

dog flea ingested by man

rice in diaper

PZQ

only egg with hooklets

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22
Q

Doxycycline- dz

A

LF adult, kills Wolbachia bacteria

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23
Q

Echinococcus granulosus (cystic)- host, intermediate host, geo, Sx, Tx

A

dog

sheep (any herd animal)

worldwide

liver, lung surgery, PAIR, ALB

hydatid cysts with visible protoscolex

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24
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar)- host, intermediate host, geo, Sx, Tx

A

fox

rodent

Northern hemisphere

liver, acts like cancer

surgery, ALB, long term F/U

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25
Q

Echinococcus types, geo

A

E. granulosis- worldwide

E. multilocularus- northern hemisphere

E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus- Central and South America.

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26
Q

Enterobius- dz, host, transmission, Tx

A

pinworm

human

FO

ALB

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27
Q

Fasciola hepatica- host, geo, source, characteristic finding, Tx

A

sheep/cattle

worldwide

water cress

liver rot

triclabendazole

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28
Q

Fasciolopsis buski- type, source, Sx, Tx, associated with..

A

largest intestinal fluke

pig/human feces

Plants, snail, amphib, reptile, insects

GI

PZA

famines

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29
Q

Gnathostoma spinigerum- family, geo, cycle, Sx (3), Tx

A

nematode

Asia

cat/dog/pig -> egg -> fresh snail -> larvae -> fish, frog, snake, crabs, retiles

VLM, eos, migratory swelling, OLM, CLM

ALB, IVM

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30
Q

Guinea worm- agent, geo, source, Tx

A

Dracunculus medinensis

Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Sudan still have

drink water with copepods

removal

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31
Q

Helminth infections causing eosinophilia

A

Ascaris lumbricoides , Strongyloides stercoralas , Lymphatic filariasis , Schistosoma hematobium , Angiostrongylus species , Necator Americanus

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32
Q

Heterophyes- type, geo, micro, Sx, Tx

A

intestinal fluke (trematode)

Mid East and Far East

small egg- 30 micron

most GI, possible cardiac (only worm) and brain

Tx: PZQ

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33
Q

Hookworm- agent, host, transmission, key sx, tx

A

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus Human

FO

anemia, eos due to pulmonary phase

ALB, MEB

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34
Q

Hymenolepiasis- geo, host, transmission

A

worldwide

beetle/arthropod

FO, eggs auto infective

most common cestode in man

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35
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

A

rat tapeworm,

20-60 µm

rarely seen in humans.

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36
Q

Ivermectin- mechanism, diseases (Main 3 SOL) contraindication

A

Bind chloride channels

Oncho, strongy, LF

Also gnathostomiasis, ascaris, trichuris, enterobius, CLM, lice, scabies

Avoid Loa

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37
Q

Katayama fever- agent, etiology

A

schisto serum sickness

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38
Q

Katayama syndrome- agent, Sx, source, CXR, dx, tx

A

Schistosomiasis hypersenitivity

fresh water

fever, hives, cough lower lobe infiltrates and nodules

urine/stool/serology may take months to turn pos

delay Tx until eggs (adult worms), then PZQ

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39
Q

LF + Loa Tx

A

doxy

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40
Q

LF + oncho Tx

A

IVM

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41
Q

LF lone infection tx

A

DEC +/- ALB

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42
Q

Loa + oncho Tx

A

low Loa MF: IVM -> DEC (Tx oncho 1st)

high Loa MF -> apheresis/albendazole -> IVM -> DEC

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43
Q

Loa alone tx

A

DEC

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44
Q

LoaLoa- geo, host, vector, dz, Tx, Dx

A

West central Africa

Human only

Chrysops fly

Calabar, urticarial, eye

DEC- monoinfection (if oncho with low Loa MF: IVM -> DEC if oncho with high Loa MF -> aphoresis or albendazole -> IVM -> DEC)

Noon smear

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45
Q

location of adult worms of schisto

A

mansoni- sup mes v lg intestine

hematobium- venous plexus bladder/rectum

Japonicum- sup mes v small intestine

46
Q

Loeffler’s syndrome-agent, cause

A

Ascaris pulmonary allergy

47
Q

longest tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

48
Q

Lymphatic filariasis - species, host, vector, dz (3), Tx (3), Dx

A

Wucheria bancrofi (worldwide tropical) + Brugia sp (B. malayi- Asia, B. timori- Indonesia)

Human (B. malayi has monkey/cat)

any mosquito

LAD, skin, edema, hydroceles, Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia

DEC and alb (doxy with Loa, IVM with oncho)

Midnight smear, may filter

Wucheria emty tail, Brugia 2 nuclei

49
Q

Mansonella Sx

A

CLM, HA, aches, VLM, Hepatomegaly, LAD

50
Q

Mansonella- vector (2), micro, 4 types, geo, Tx, Dx

A

Culicoides (midges) AND Simulium (black fly)

small filaria, no sheath

strepto- Africa ozzardi- Americas perstans- both M. perstans with Wolbachia (Mali) -> 6 wks of doxy without Wolbachia -> DEC + MEB x 21 d. M. streptocerca or M. ozzardi- IVM x 1

smear or snip

51
Q

Mebendazole- dz

A

Roundworms- Ascaris, hookworm, enterobia, trichuris

52
Q

Metagonimus- fame, geo

A

smallest human fluke Asia

53
Q

Micro Loa vs Wucheria

A

both sheath

Loa 200 microns, W 300 microns

Loa dense nuclei, W loose Loa tail full to tip, W tip empty

54
Q

most common cestode in man

A

Hymenolepiasis nana

55
Q

most common helminth to man? in US

A

Ascaris, pinworm

56
Q

most common method diagnose cholera

A

clinical other test for confirming outbreaks- selective media culture, darkfield, rapid

57
Q

Myiasis

A

Tumbu (clothing) or botfly (hitchhike egg on mosquito)-> eggs hatch in skin

58
Q

niclosamide treats

59
Q

Oesophagostomum- family, Sx

A

nematode

GI, obstruction, acute abdomen, perforation

60
Q

Onchocerca alone Tx

61
Q

Onchocerciasis volvulus- host, vector, Sx(3), Tx, Dx

A

Human Simulium (black fly)- fast moving rivers

River blindness (all but lens affected)

subq nodules where worms replicate (Sowda), itchy skin atrophy (leapoard, lizard), hanging scrotum

Skin snip, Mazzoti rxn to DEC

IVM kills MF (no Loa), doxy adult Wolbachia.

62
Q

Only worm cyst with with protoscolex

A

Echinococcus granulosus

63
Q

Only worm egg with hooklets

A

Dipylidium caninum

64
Q

Opisthorchis- geo, source, organ, PZA

A

O. felinius (Eurasia), O. vivrrini (Asia) raw fish biliary PZA

65
Q

PAIR

A

PAIR (Percutaneous aspiration injection re-aspiration) Asp > 30% Replace with scolicidal agent (hyper saline or ethanol) Wait 30 min then reaspirate 95% cure rate

66
Q

Paragonimus- geo, source, Sx, Tx, DDx, egg

A

P. westermani (Far East). Other species worldwide

Fresh water crab

GI, fever RARE lung cysts, thick red-brown sputum

PZA

looks like TB

70-90 microns, oval, thick shell. Operculum flattened

67
Q

Praziquantil- dz

A

Flukes (include schisto) tapeworm (EXCEPT alb for larval cysti and echino)

68
Q

Pregnancy safe anti-parasitic (9)

A

praziquantil, pyrantel, nitazoxamide, DEC, flagyl, Chlroquine, quinine, mefloquine, artemisinin (not 1st)

69
Q

Pyrantel pamoate- dz

A

roundworms- ascaris, enterobiasis, trichuriasis, strongy

70
Q

Scabies Tx

71
Q

Schisto source, 3 syndromes, Tx, Dx

A

swimmers itch, Katayama fever, chronic including Symmer’s pred then PZQ (fails ALB x1) rectal/bladder snip

72
Q

Schisto- 3 types and geo

A

mansoni- AF, SA, Med, ME japonicum- AS hematobium- AF, ME

73
Q

Schistosoma in Asia

A

S. japonicum , S. mekongi

74
Q

Schistosomas (2) presenting with transverse myelitis with flaccid paralysis.

A

S. haematobium and S.mansoni due to shape and spine get stuck in spinal arteries

75
Q

Schistosomiasis- source, host, reproduction

A

Intermediate host needed skin penetration Sexual reproduction

76
Q

Simulin black fly

A

oncho, mansonella

77
Q

Sparganosis- agent, geo, life cycle, Sx, Tx

A

Spirometra cestode/tapeworm

worldwide

host dogs and cats -> snail -> fish/reptile/amphibian

Sx from All LM

Tx surgical (drug resistant)

78
Q

Swimmer’s itch- agent, source, Tx timing

A

Schistosomiasis fresh water delay PZQ 6 weeks until adult worm

79
Q

Symmer’s

A

pipestem hepatic dx due to schisto

80
Q

Taenia saginata- host, source, Tx, micro

A

man raw beef cysts PZQ, niclosamide suckers only

81
Q

Taenia solium- host, source, Tx, micro

A

man (pig intermediate) raw pork cysts PZQ, niclosamide crown and suckers

82
Q

Thread worm- agent, host (3), transmission, key sx, dx, tx

A

Strongyloides primate, cats, dogs FO, autoinfect larva currens on buttox; pulmonary super infection with steroids larvae in stool, Cx showing bacterial tracts, ELISA IVM (fails sgl dose ALB)

83
Q

Toxocaria- host, transmission, key sx (2), tx

A

dog, cat feces

FO

VLM, ocular DDX retinoblastoma

ALB +/- pred

84
Q

Toxoplasma gondii- maternal, neonatal tests, risks

A

IgM pos up to a year (may be false pos so confirm with IgG later; IgG pos after couple weeks with rising titer)

infant- check IgA and IgM

severity worse 1st tri, higher transmission 3rd trimester

85
Q

treatment for strongy

86
Q

Trematode blood (1) hepatic (3) GI (1) pulm (1)

A

Schistosoma Clonorchis Fasciola Opisthorchis Fasciolopsis Paragonimus

87
Q

Trichinella- class, host, source, Sx (2), Tx

A

round

pig wild game/bears, pork

VLM, acute GI, edema, eosinophilia, diarrhea, myalgia

ALB

88
Q

Trichostrongylus- type, host

A

nematode

herbivores

89
Q

Trichuris trichuria- mode, mature in, reporduction, Sx, Tx

A

Fecal-oral

Matures in the environment (not in a host)

Sexual reproduction

Limited to intestinal infection

ALB, IVM alt

90
Q

Triclabendazole- dz

A

Fasciola hepatica

91
Q

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia caused by

92
Q

Whipworm- agent, host, transmission, key sx, tx, egg

A

Trichuris trichiuria human FO rectal prolapse (only colon) MEB, ALB bipolar barrel

93
Q

worm cause SBO

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

94
Q

worm causing anemia due blood loss

A

hookworm (Ancylostoma and Necator Americanus)

95
Q

worm causing B12 deficiency

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

96
Q

worm causing larva currens

A

strongyloides

97
Q

worm causing Loeffler’s syndrome

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

98
Q

worm causing rectal prolapse

A

trichuris tricuria

99
Q

worm causing SBO

100
Q

worm causing TPE

A

LF (Wucheria bancrofi + Brugia sp)

101
Q

Worm that has a free-living form

102
Q

worms affecting the eyes (4)

A

oncho, Loa, toxocaria, cysticercosis (T. solium)

103
Q

Worms causing creeping eruptions (5)

A

hookworm, strongy, gnathstoma, Fasciola, migratory myiasis

104
Q

worms in raw fish (4 round GAAC + 1 tape +2 fluke)

A

round- Capillaria phillippensis, ansiakiasis, Gnathostoma spinigerum, Angiostrongylus cantonensis tape- Diphyllobothrium latum fluke- Clonorchis, opisthorchis

105
Q

Worms penetrating skin

A

Hookworm, schisto, strongyloides

106
Q

Worms with pulmonary phase- ASH

A

strongy, ascaris, hookworm (Ancyclostma duodenal is, Necator americanus)

108
Q

top 2 causes of blindness

A

1- chlamydia trachomatis- 41 mill infected

2- oncho- 17 mill infected, 500K impaired, 270K blind

109
Q

Oroyo fever- agent, Sx, Dx, Tx

A

B. bacilliformis

fever, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, CHF, neuro

verruga peruana in some 1-2 mos later

smear- intracellulaer coccobacilli

Cipro +/- rocephin

110
Q

Tungiasis- agent, Sx, Tx

A

Chigoe flea

in skin, releasing eggs

removal

Tropical Medicine (7 decks)

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