world war1

Question 1

nationalism

Answer 1

Nationalism is further oriented towards developing and maintaining a national identity based on shared characteristics such as culture, language, ra

Question 2

risorgimento

Answer 2

nationalism. The first, known as Primordialism or Perennialism, sees nationalism as a natural phenomenon. It holds that although the concept nationhood may be recent

Question 3

young italy movement

Answer 3

nationalism. It can be a belief that citizenship in a state should be limited to one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity group, or that multinationality

Question 4

giuseppe mazzing

Answer 4

influential groups unsatisfied with traditional identities due to inconsistency between their defined social order and the experience of that social order by its members, resulting in a situation of anomie that nationalists seek to resolve.[6

Question 5

giuseppe garibaldi

Answer 5

anomie results in a society or societies reinterpreting identity, retaining elements that are deemed acceptable and removing elements deemed unacceptable, in order to create a unified community.[6

Question 6

liberals

Answer 6

are deemed acceptable and removing elements deemed unacceptable, in order to create a unified community.

Question 7

vnification

Answer 7

Nationalism” is the term historians used to characterize the modern sense of national political autonomy and self-determination from the late 18th century onwards

Question 8

otto von bismarch

Answer 8

unification through a series of highly successful short wars against Denmark, Austria and France which thrilled the pan-German nationalists in the smaller German states.

Question 9

kaiser

Answer 9

ïmost influential of the German nationalist historians, was Treitschke who had an enormous influence on elite students at Heidelberg and Berlin universities.

Question 10

the zollverein

Answer 10

meaning the Resurgence or revival). It was the political and intellectual movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

Question 11

the junkers

Answer 11

South (called the Mezzogiorno) and the devout Catholics. The new government treated the South as a conquered province with ridicule for its “backward” and poverty stricken society, its poor grasp of the Italian language, and its traditions.

Question 12

franco Prussian

Answer 12

cheerfully of a European conflagration, and alarmed his German or British friends with this suggestions of preventative attacks on his enemies. His policies were ruinous, both for Italy’s trade with France, a

Question 13

realpolitik

Answer 13

. That involved a highly aggressive nationalism that led to a series of wars, an alliance with Hitler’s Germany, and humiliation and hardship in the Second World War. After 1945 the Catholics returned to government and tensions eased somewhat, bu

Question 14

czaralexnder

Answer 14

thousand years before, and modern Polish nationalists should restore its central values of Poland for the Poles.

Question 15

emancipation

Answer 15

Spanish descent born in New Spain (called “criollos” in Spanish or “creoles” in English). The two groups wrestled for power, with the criollos leading the call for independence. Spain tried to use its armies to fight back but had no help from European powers. Indeed,

Question 16

serfs

Answer 16

Chinese Republic and the realization of democracy through the Three Principles, . . . for the progress of good government, the happiness and perpetual peace of the people, and for the strengthening of the foundations of the state in the name of peace throughout the world.[5

Question 17

social democratic party

Answer 17

until after World War II when forces of nationalism grew much stronger. In the 1950s and 1960s the colonial holdings became independent states.

Question 18

autocrat

Answer 18

British and French and other armies in the world wars. It led to organizations that were not controlled by or endorsed by either the colonial powers not the traditional local power structures t

Question 19

pogroms

Answer 19

Leaders of nationalist movements took control when the European authorities exited; many ruled for decades or until they died off. These structures included political, educational, relig

Question 20

nihilists

Answer 20

focused on racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid. The black nationalist movement fought them until success

Question 21

duma

Answer 21

industrial economy capable of self-sustainability, a central supreme authority capable of maintaining authority and unity, and a centralized language understood by a community of people.[62]

Question 22

tanzimat reforms

Answer 22

based upon “mechanical solidarity” versus societies based on “organic solidarity”.[63] Durkheim identified mechanical solidarity as involving custom, habit, and repression that was necessary to maintain shared views.

Question 23

dual monarchy

Answer 23

acceptance of a social order. Durkheim claimed that modern society bases integration on the mutual benefits of the division of labour, but noted that the impersonal character of modern urban life caused alienation and feelings of anomie.

Question 24

balkan league

Answer 24

and mobilize themselves in response.[71] There are proximate environments where individuals identify nonimmediate real or imagined situations in combination with immediate situations that make individuals confront a common situation of both subjective and objective components that affect their decisions.[72] As such proximate environments cause p

Question 25

crimean league

Answer 25

knew what the state could require of them, and they accepted their duties as a condition of the rights that came with them. They recognized. therefore, the principal grounds of rights and duties themselves. In short, there prevailed a sense of collective interest and purpose that gave substance to individual aspirations as w

Question 26

treaty of sanstefano

Answer 26

assumptions of unobserved changes over thousands of years and assume stable genetic composition of the population living in a specific area, and are incapable of handling the contingencies that characterize every known historical process. Robert Hislope argues:

Question 27

militarism

Answer 27

natural points of disagreement exist. Integral nationalism arises in countries where a strong military ethos has become entrenched through the independence struggle, when, once independence is achieved, it is believed that a strong military is required to ensure the security and viability of the new state.

Question 28

alliance system

Answer 28

well as all the necessary munitions, transportation (typically horses or mules), tools, and representative garments.

Question 29

triple alliance

Answer 29

100,000 men. For example, in 1812 Bonaparte led an army of 600,000 hyped young drafts to Moscow while feeding off plentiful agricultural products introduced by the turn of the century, such as potatoes

Question 30

triple entente

Answer 30

mobilizing mass armies when Napoleon III transported 130,000 soldiers to Italy by use of the railroad

Question 31

kuiturkam

Answer 31

Piedmontese armies were incredibly slow and the arms inside these caravans were sloppily organized

Question 32

reich stag

Answer 32

only did Prussia take note of the problems in transporting supplies to armies but it also took note of the lack of communication between troops, officers, and generals.

Question 33

treaty of prague

Answer 33

new “precision rifle” developed by the monarchy, officers were forced to only speak German when giving orders to their men.[6] E

Question 34

francis joseph

Answer 34

German population of 65 million people.[7][8] The British and the Germans also started a race to build up a stronger navy, sparked by the German enactment of the Sec

Question 35

revolution of 1905

Answer 35

military leaders did not plan to mobilize for war with Russia whilst assuming that France would not come to her ally’s aid, or vice versa. The Schlieffen Plan therefore dictated not only mobilization against both powers, but also the order of attack—France would be attacked first regardless of the diplomatic circumstances. To bypass the fortified Fr

Question 36

mobilization

Answer 36

structures as a framework. In the case of Canada, the Militia Minister, Sir Sam Hughes, created the Canadian Expeditionary Force from whole cloth by sending telegrams to 226 separate reserve unit commanders asking for volunteers to muster at Valcartier in Quebec. The field force served separately from the Militia (Canada’s peace time army); in 1920 the Otter Commission was compelled