leonardo Flashcards
king giorege
William Frederick; 4 June 1738 [c] – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death.
taxa tron without representation
named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward. He attended naval college as a teenager, and served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during the First World War. In 1920, he was made Duke of York. He married Lad
the stamp act
1923 and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret. In the mid-1920s, he had speech therapy for a stammer,
george washingto
The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America
redcats
under control of the individual states or were otherwise independent. General George Washington was the commander-in-
continental army
Most of the Continental Army was disbanded in 1783 after the Treaty of Paris ended the war. The 1st and 2nd
seven year war
began at the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, the colonial revolutionaries did not have an army. Previously, each colony had relied upon the militia, made up of part-time citizen-soldiers, for local defense, or the raising of temporary “provincial regiments” during s
loyalists
the perceived potential conflict. Training of militiamen increased after the passage of the Intolerable Acts in 1774. Colonists such as Richard Henry Lee proposed forming a national militia force, but the First Continental Congress rejected the idea.[
patriots
and Connecticut soon raised similar but smaller forces. On June 14, 1775, the Second Continental Congress decided to proceed with the establishment of a Continental Army for purposes of common defense, adopting the forces already in place outside Boston (22,000 troops) and New York (5,000).[2] It also raised the first ten companies of Continental troops on a
thomas jafferson
accepted and served throughout the war without any compensation except for reimbursement of expenses.[3][4][5
declaration of independence
role of the Continental Army became the subject of considerable debate. Some Americans had a general aversion to maintaining a standing army; but on the other hand the requirements of the war against the British required the discipline and organization of a modern military. As a result, the army went through several distinct phases, characterized by official dissolution and reorganization of units.
the three estates
Soldiers in the Continental Army were citizens who had volunteered to serve in the army (but were paid), and at various times during the war, standard enlistment periods lasted from one to three years. Early in the war the enlistment periods were short, as the Continental Congress fea
louis
never numbered more than 17,000 men. Turnover proved a constant problem, particularly in the winter of 1776–77, and
marie antoinette
brigades, and 38 regiments. Major General Philip Schuyler’s ten regiments in New York were sent to invade Canada.
The Continental Army of 1776, reorganized after the initial enlist
versailles
expired. Washington had submitted recommendations to the Continental Congress almost immediately after he had accepted the position of Commander-in-Chief, but the Congress took time to consider and implement these. Despite attempts to broaden the recruiting base
nation assembly
sending massive forces to put an end to the American Revolution. The Continental Congress passed the “Eighty-eight Battalion Resolve”, ordering each state to contribute one-battalion regiments in proportion to their population, and Washington subsequently received authority to raise an additional 16 battalions. Enlistment terms extended to three years o
estates general
the army at the end of 1776, which could have ended the war in a Continental, or American, loss by forfeit).
The Continental Army of 1781–82 saw the greatest crisis on the American side in the war. Congress was bankrupt, making it very difficult to replenish the soldiers whose three-year terms had expired. Popular support for the war reached an all-time low, and Washington had to put down mutinies both in the Pennsylvania Line and in the New Jersey Lin
declaration of rights of man
In addition to the Continental Army regulars, local militia units, raised and funded by individual colonies/states, participated in battles throughout the war. Sometimes the militia units operated ind
constitution of 1791
of these units. States differed in how well they lived up to these obligations. There were constant funding issues and morale problems as the war continued. This led to the army offering low pay, often rotten food, hard work, cold, heat, poor clothing and shelter, harsh discipline, and a high chance of becoming a
emigres
because of desertions). Until Washington’s arrival, it remained under the command of Artemas Ward, while John Thomas acted as executive officer and Richard Gridley commanded the artillery corps and was chief engineer.
radicals
The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763
moderates
The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the A
conservatives
Although Anglo-French skirmishes over their American colonies already began in 1754, the wide-scale conflict that drew in most of the European powers was centered on Austria’s desire in recovering Silesia from the Prussians’ hand. Seeing the opportunity to
reign of terror
Britain aligned herself with Prussia, in a series of political manoeuvres known as the Diplomatic Revolution. However, French efforts ended in failure when the Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed, and Britain’s rise as the world’s predominant power destroyed France’s supremacy in Europe, thus altering the European balance of power.
jacobins
Conflict between Great Britain and France broke out in 1754–1756 when the British attacked disputed French positions in North America and seized hundreds of French merchant ships.
maximillian robespierre
Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it.
guillotine
previous wars) joined the coalition, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia. Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched an utterly unsuccessful invasion of Portugal in 1762
conscription
small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark–Norway.
covp
; Dano-Norwegian and Russian armies were close to ending up in battle, but the Russian emperor was deposed before war formally broke out.
the directory
fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe, and even tried to prevent Britain’s domination in India. Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with the Franco-Spanish alliance, declined to join the coalition under fear of British power. T
Napoleon Bonaparte
Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace. Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.
counter revolutionary
war ended with the Treaty of Paris between France, Spain and Great Britain and the Treaty of Hubertusburg between Saxony, Austria and Prussia, in 1763.
napoleonic code
excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac’s War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. In Europe, the war began disastrously for Prussia, but a combination of good luck and successful strategy saw
the consulate waterloo
Prussia (its original goal) its military prowess was also noted by the other powers. The involvement of Portugal, Spain and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. France was deprived of many of its colonies and had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle.
nationalism
nce and Spain avenged their defeat in 1778 when the American Revolutionary War broke out, with hopes of
duke of wellington
Years’ War was perhaps the first true world war, having taken place almost 160 years before World War I and influenced many major events later around the globe.
tenris count oath
way for the beginning of later British world supremacy in the 19th century, the rise of Prussia in Germany, the beginning of tensions in British North America, as well as a clear sign of France’s eventual turmoil. It was characterized in Europe by sieges and the arson of towns as well as open battles with heavy losses.
bastille
produced nothing of much help to the British, while the British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria.
