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Second Semester College History > World War II > Flashcards

World War II Flashcards

1
Q

Major causes of World War 2 (2)

A
  1. Mistreatment of Germany under the Versailles Treaty
  2. The Great Depression leads to the rise of dictators in Europe!
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2
Q

Why did dictators rise in Europe during the Great Depression?

A

Dictators promise to get countries out of the depression and bring prosperity!

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3
Q

four extreme forms of government: (and what countries used each form)

A

Communism: Russia/Soviet Union - 1917
Fascism: Italy/Spain
Nazism: Germany
Militarism: Japan

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4
Q

Why did the four extreme forms of government rise?

A

people were desperate and there was a lot of unemployment

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5
Q

Shared ideologies of these four extreme forms of government: (3)

A

Demanded fanatic loyalty to leaders/country
All totalitarian/police states where police/gov. Control EVERYTHING (people had no rights)
They were all racist: taught superiority of their race

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6
Q

What brought communism into the Soviet Union/Russia?

A

The Bolshevik Revolution - 1917

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7
Q

What did Joseph Stalin do when he came to power after the death of Vladimir Lenin? (2)

A

Stalin abolishes democracy and outlaws all political parties
Kills all rivals along with 30 million people

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8
Q

Leader of the Italian Fascists:

A

Benito Mussolini

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9
Q

How did Mussolini come to power?

A

by force

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10
Q

What did Mussolini after coming to power? (2)

A

He abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties
Put all enemies in prison

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11
Q

Who was the leader of the Spanish Fascists?

A

Francisco Franco

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12
Q

What extreme form of government was prominent in Germany?

A

Nazism

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13
Q

What government was set up after WWI in Germany?

A

A democratic government called Weimar Republic

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14
Q

Another name for Nazi Party:

A

National Socialist Germans Workers Party

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15
Q

Hitler’s attempt to overthrow the government

A

Beer Hall Putsch “Coup”

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16
Q

Nazis “Bible” - book Hitler wrote about his life

A

Mein Kompf “My struggle”

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17
Q

Master race

A

Aryan people/pure germans

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18
Q

What was Hitler appointed as in 1933

A

Chancellor of Germany

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19
Q

Which president did Hitler serve as Prime minister under?

A

Paul Von Hindenburg

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20
Q

What did Hitler declare himself after being appointed Chancellor of Germany?

A

“Fuhrer” - Absolute dictator

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21
Q

How does Adolf Hitler come to Power? (2)

A
  1. He promises to get the German people out of the depression (prosperity)
  2. He promises revenge for German mistreatment in the Versailles Treaty
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22
Q

helped hitler to come to power (Nazi militia)

A

Brown Shirts (Stormtroopers)

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23
Q

3 things Hitler did after becoming Chancellor:

A
  • Hitler abolishes democracy and outlaws all political parties
  • Puts all enemies in prison/kills them
  • Sets up a police state
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24
Q

What began after Hitler became Chancellor?

A

Beginning of the “Third Reich” Nazi Empire - 1934 - (thousand years)

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25
Q

What 2 groups did Hitler establish which created a police state?

A

Gestapo: German secret police
Black shirts (SS): becomes Hitler’s personal army - evil

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26
Q

Symbol of the Nazis:

A

Swastika/”Blood Flag”

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27
Q

Hitler’s “master race”

A

Aryans (blond, blue eyed, white)

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28
Q

Goal of Hitlers campaign to cleanse Germany

A

Hitler wanted to cleanse German people from the “Undesirables” of the world (inferior people)

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29
Q

What did hitler call the “inferior people”

A

Hitler called them “Untermensch” (subhuman)

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30
Q

Undesirable groups: (7)

A
  • Polish/Russian - Slavs
  • Roma (Gypsies)
  • Jehovah Witness
  • Homosexuals
  • Handicapped
  • Negroes
  • Jews
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31
Q

Term for Jewish Hatred

A

anti-Semitism

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32
Q

How did Hitler feel about America?

A

Hitler also considered Americans to be “mongrels”

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33
Q

“Mongrels”

A

impure mixed breed!

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34
Q

What was the only country Hitler respected and why?

A

Only country that he respected was Great Britain - because of its mighty empire

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35
Q

Required for German Youth from 13-18

A

HJ - Hitler Youth

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36
Q

How were the Youth in the HJ trained? (3, How were the Boys trained, how were the girls trained, how were they all trained)

A

Girls were trained to be good strong mothers and produce strong children
Boys were trained to be good soldiers
All were brainwashed with Nazi propaganda every day in school

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37
Q

main target of Nazi hatred (Scapegoat) - blamed for all problems!

A

Jews

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38
Q

Anti-Jewish laws in Germany

A

Nuremberg Laws

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39
Q

3 Nuremberg Laws

A

They were segregated and labeled with a “Star of David”
They could no longer go to public places: Schools, theater, hospitals, etc.
They were restricted to manual labor jobs

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40
Q

Purpose of Nuremburg Laws

A

an attempt by Hitler to get the Jews to leave

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41
Q

A pogrom (organized massacre) against the German Jewish community in Germany

A

Kristallnacht “Night of the Broken Glass”

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42
Q

Why were Jews who tried to leave Germany not let into the other countries?

A

The Great Depression - No jobs!

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43
Q

What happened in Japan to their government shortly after WWI?

A

Rise of militarism (glorification of war) “Militarists ran government”

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44
Q

Who ran Japan’s new military government?

A

Hideki Tojo

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45
Q

Who did Hideki Tojo use as his puppet emperor?

A

The Japanese emperor - Hirohito - becomes a “puppet”

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46
Q

What happened to Japan after trade ended?

A

They became desperate for resources

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47
Q

How did Japan decide to gain natural resources?

A

Conquest

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48
Q

What was the overall goal of Japan’s conquest for resources?

A

Japan’s goal is to create an Asian Empire

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49
Q

attempt to get all Asians to unite against the imperialist European countries under Japan’s leadership - unification of ASIA

A

Pan-Asianism

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50
Q

The firs country Japan took over in 1910

A

Korea

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51
Q

During the 1930’s what was going on in China?

A

China is in the middle of a “Civil War”

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52
Q

What were the 2 sides of the Civil War in China in the 1930’s?

A

Nationalists vs Communists

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53
Q

Because of the civil war, China is weak, so Japan decides to invade them. What was there first target?

A

Manchuria

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54
Q

What began in 1937 after Japan conquered Manchuria?

A

Japan goes to war w/China

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55
Q

What was the war between Japan and China called?

A

2nd Sino-Japanese War

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56
Q

The forgotten Holocaust of WWII

A

Rape of Nanking

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57
Q

What was the goal of Italy’s conquest?

A

Italy’s goal is to restore the Roman Empire and create an African Empire!

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58
Q

What was Italy’s first target?

A

Ethiopia

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59
Q

What did the League of Nations do to stop the brutal conquests?

A

League of Nations (supposed to prevent war) does nothing to stop them

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60
Q

What was the goal of Germany’s conquest?

A

Germany’s goal is to create a European Empire!

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61
Q

What did Germany turn into a demilitarized zone/buffer between France and Germany

A

Rhineland

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62
Q

Why did Germany join the Spanish Fascists during the Spanish Civil War?

A

To get his young, inexperienced army experience - used it as a “dress rehearsal for WWII”

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63
Q

Who did Germany conquer after the Spanish Civil War?

A

1938 - Germany invades Austria

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64
Q

What did hitler call his take over of Austria

A

“Anshluss” (unification w Germany)

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65
Q

Who did Germany invade after the Austrians

A

Germany invades the Sudetenland/Czechoslovakia

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66
Q

What was the problem with Germany, Italy, and Japan’s conquest?

A

The League of Nations (Peace keeping organization) does nothing to stop the aggression of Japan, Italy, or Germany

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67
Q

Why did the League of Nations do nothing?

A

Fear another world WAR

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68
Q

Prime Minister of Great Britain before Churchill

A

Neville Chamberlain

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69
Q

What policy did Neville Chamberlain work out with Hitler?

A

Munich Pact

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70
Q

What was the Munich Pact?

A

Appeasement Policy: Chamberlain gives in to Hitler’s demand to avoid war(Gets to keep everything he has already conquered if he stops the conquest)!

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71
Q

What did Winston Churchill say about Chamberlain’s Munich Pact?

A

“you were given the choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor and you will have war.”

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72
Q

What did Hitler do within six months of signing the Munich Pact?

A

Hitler takes over all of Czechoslovakia

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73
Q

In the same year of taking Czech, what does Hitler threaten to do?

A

In the same year Hitler threatens to take Poland

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74
Q

Did France and Britain think Hitler was actually going to take Poland?

A

French and British think he is Bluffing

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75
Q

Why did the Allies think the Hitler would not actually take Poland?

A

The Allies didn’t think Germany would attack poland because it would create another 2 front war - France and the Soviet Union - they didn’t think he would make this mistake again

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76
Q

What did Hitler do to avoid a 2 front war? (Allowed him to take Poland)

A

Ribbentrop Pact - German-Soviet-Non-Aggression Pact - alliance between them.

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77
Q

What was the official beginning of WWII?

A

World War II officially begins when Germany invaded the country of Poland on Sept. 3, 1939

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78
Q

What new style of warfare did Germany use in Poland/Northern Europe?

A

Germans used a new style of warfare known as “Blitzkrieg” lightning warfare (fast and furious) to conquer Poland/Northern Europe

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79
Q

What happened after Poland fell?

A

no fighting took place for 6 months

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80
Q

Why was there no fighting for 6 months after Poland fell?

A

Both armies of the Germans and French faced each other along the Maginot Line

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81
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A

A large Fortress between the 2 countries (Germany and France)

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82
Q

Because of the 6 months of peace, what was WWII called?

A

“Phony War”

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83
Q

What did Hitler conquer in 6 weeks?

A

All of Northern Europe

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84
Q

What did Hitler do after taking N. Europe?

A

Attacked the French

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85
Q

What happened to the British and French armies after Hitler attacked France

A

Bother armies were pushed back and trapped by the English channel

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86
Q

Amphibious operation that miraculously rescue the British and French armies

A

Miracle at Dunkirk

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87
Q

What happened to France after Dunkirk?

A

France falls - occupied by Germans for the rest of the war

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88
Q

By 1940, Hitler had conquered all of Europe except?

A

Great Britain

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89
Q

What saved Britain from being conquered?

A

It was an island

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90
Q

French government was in exile led by

A

Charles de Gaulle

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91
Q

Free France/Underground

A

French people served in underground resistance using Guerilla Warfare

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92
Q

all that stands between Hitler and all of Europe

A

Britain

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93
Q

code name for the German attempt to take Britain

A

Operation Sea Lion

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94
Q

Since Britain was an Island, What did Germany have to do first in order to conquer it?

A

Must control the sky first

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95
Q

Since Britain was an Island, What did Germany have to do first in order to conquer it?

A

Must control the sky first

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96
Q

German Air Force:

A

Luftwaffe

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97
Q

What did Hitler do first to take Britain?

A

Hitler used first part of Blitzkrieg to send numerous bomber to pulverize Britain - Pretty much bombed 24/7

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98
Q

What did Hitler’s Bomber planes target?

A

Targets were communication centers and airfields/destroy the RAF

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99
Q

RAF

A

British Royal Air Force

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100
Q

Who led the British during the Battle of Britain?

A

New Prime Minister of Britain Winston Churchill

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101
Q

What rallied the British to not give in during the Battle of Britain

A

Churchill’s “We shall never surrender…” speech

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102
Q

What mistake did Hitler make because of his impatience during the Battle of Britain?

A

Hitler changed his targets to attacking civilian populations

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103
Q

Why was Hitler targeting civilians during the Battle of Britain a huge mistake?

A

Gave British RAF time to recover

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104
Q

“Blitz” during the Battle of Britain:

A

London was attacked for 57 consecutive days/nights 24/7

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105
Q

Purpose of Germany’s Blitz on London

A

Purpose was to destroy the people’s will to fight

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106
Q

Why did Hitler attacking civilians backfire?

A

it made them more determined to resist

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107
Q

What New British invention turned the tide of the Battle of Britain

A

Radar

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108
Q

Longest continuous battle of WWII/Most pivotal

A

Battle of the Atlantic

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109
Q

Why was the Atlantic Ocean so vital for Britain?

A

“lifeline of Great Britain” between USA and Great Britain

110
Q

What/who was winning the Battle of the Atlantic for the first 2 years

A

German U-boats

111
Q

What were the groups of German U-boats called?

A

Wolf Packs

112
Q

What 3 things did the British use/develop to combat German U-boats?

A

Allies fight back with “convoys”, ”sonar”, and depth charges!

113
Q

Two sides in the war:

A
  • Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union (later the USA)
  • Axis Powers: Germany Italy, and Japan
114
Q

Why was USA neutral at first?

A

(Foreign policy was Isolationism - stay out of European affairs

115
Q

Neutrality Acts (3)

A
  1. Placed an embargo on armed sales to belligerents
  2. Forbade American ships from entering war zones and prohibited them from being armed
  3. Barred Americans from traveling on belligerent ships
116
Q

Purpose of the Neutrality Acts:

A

Purpose was to limit U.S. involvement in future wars

117
Q

Purpose of the Neutrality Acts:

A

Purpose was to limit U.S. involvement in future wars

118
Q

How did The USA help the Allied Powers while they were still neutral? (2 programs)

A

Cash and Carry Program
Lend-Lease Program

119
Q

Cash and Carry Program

A

assisted Great Britain - supplies

120
Q

Lend - Lease Program

A

The USA could lend or lease arms, or other supplies to any country “vital to the defense of the USA”

121
Q

What countries benefited from the U.S.’s Lend-Lease Program (3)

A

Great Britain, China, and the Soviet Union all got aid

122
Q

What did the US become after helping the Allied Powers

A

“Arsenal of democracy”

123
Q

Invasion of the Soviet Union - June 1941 - Eastern Front

A

Operation Barbarossa

124
Q

Why did Hitler want the Soviet Union? (3)

A

Lebensraum (living space) for German people
Largest population of Jews
Natural resources - Oil, etc.

125
Q

“Red Army”

A

Russians

126
Q

Why did the Eastern front go well for the Nazis at first?

A

Russians not prepared

127
Q

who won the battle of Leningrad

A

Germany lost

128
Q

which battle was fought for control over the Russian oil fields

A

Battle of Stalingrad

129
Q

bloodiest battle of the war

A

Battle of Stalingrad

130
Q

Why did Russia pay such a heavy price in casualties?

A

No Russian city ever surrendered

131
Q

Who lost the most people in the war?

A

The Soviets lost the most people in the war - 20 million people

132
Q

What was Hitler’s greatest mistake/downfall?

A

The Russian Campaign

133
Q

Why was the Russian campaign Hitler’s greatest mistake?

A

Drained his manpower

134
Q

What was at first targeted in the Air wars of WWII?

A

military targets at first (industrial centers, railways, etc.)

135
Q

What was later targets in the Air wars of WWII?

A

later targeted civilian populations - cities such as London, Berlin, Tokyo, etc

136
Q

What event exhausted Japan’s resources so that they had a need for conquest?

A

The war in China

137
Q

What did the USA do with Japan in 1940?

A

Embargo (stopped trade - oil)

138
Q

Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? (2)

A
  • Japan realizes that the USA is the only country that can stop them from taking over Asia (Pacific)
  • Must knock them out - Believed the attack would destroy American will to fight
139
Q

What did Japan use to plan a secret attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

spies

140
Q

What was Pearl Harbor?

A

US naval base in the Pacific (Hawaii)

141
Q

Admiral of the Japanese navy - plans the attack on Pearl Harbor

A

Isoroku Yamamoto

142
Q

USA ignored 3 warning signs that should have allowed them to be able to prepare for the attack on Pearl Harbor:

A
  • US intelligence warned of an imminent attack - Where?
  • Midget submarines - discovered - 4:00 am morning of attack
  • Radar sighting - 7:05 am morning of attack
143
Q

At what time did the attack on Pearl Harbor take place?

A

at 7:48 am

144
Q

What was the first wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

183 planes

145
Q

Japanese code word - surprise had been achieved

A

“Tora, Tora, Tora”

146
Q

Planes the Japs used in Pearl Harbor:

A

bombers/torpedo planes attack

147
Q

3 targets the Japs had during Pearl Harbor:

A

Aircraft carriers (flat tops)
Battleships
Airfields

148
Q

What time was the second wave of the attack on pearl harbor?

A

8:54 AM

149
Q

How many planes were in the second wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

170

150
Q

What ship was sunk and trapped and killed 1,100 men? - Memorial

A

USS Arizona

151
Q

How was each side damaged after the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A
  • The Japs Destroyed 18
    US ships, including 8 battleships - 188 US airplanes, and killed 2,403 US men
  • Japan lost 29 planes & 64 men
152
Q

Why was Pearl Harbor not a complete success? (4)

A

Japanese failed to:
- Destroy the repair facilities
- Destroy the fuel depots
- Did not destroy submarines
- Destroy the US Aircraft carriers

153
Q

What did the Japanese failing to destroy the US ships allow the US to do?

A

Within 6 months, all but 2 ships were raised and repaired

154
Q

Where else did Japan attack on the same day of Pearl Harbor?

A
  • American installations of the Philippines/Guam and Wake Island
  • British colonies of Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong
155
Q

FDR/USA declares war on Japan

A

Dec 8 - 1941

156
Q

What did FDR call Pearl Harbor meaning The American people would never forget!

A

“A date which will live in infamy”

157
Q

Results of Pearl Harbor: (3)

A
  • USA enters WWII
  • Unites the people of the USA - Americans wanted revenge!!!
  • Internment camps
158
Q

Internment camps:

A

110,000 Japanese Americans were forced into prison camps by the American government in the US - Lost everything they had!

159
Q

What were Japanese Americans called at the time?

A

(Nisei)

160
Q

What reason did the US government/FDR give the people to justify imprisoning Japanese Americans, and what was the real reason?

A

Reason given - National Security! (for the Japs)
Real reason - Fear and prejudice!

161
Q

What was happening During first 6 months of 1942?

A

Japan wins battle after battle

162
Q

What happened after the Philippine Islands (American territory) falls!

A

Bataan Death March

163
Q

What percent of American POW’s died in Japanese camps?

A

30%

164
Q

What percent of American POW’s died in German camps?

A

1%

165
Q

What happened after US Commander of the Pacific Theater Gen. Douglas MacArthur promises his
men “I shall return”

A

Allies Strike back:
Doolittle Raid over Tokyo

166
Q

Who ran the Doolittle Raid over Tokyo?

A

Col. James Doolittle

167
Q

What was Doolittle’s Raid over Tokyo?

A

“Suicide mission”
- 80 volunteers
16 B-25 bombers strike Tokyo
All crashed in China – only 3 killed!!

168
Q

What was the result of Doolittle’s Raid over Tokyo?

A

No military significance but the raid BOOSTED AMERICAN MORAL

169
Q

American fleet commander

A

Admiral Chester Nimitz

170
Q

2 major Naval/Air Battles:

A
  • Battle of the Coral Sea
  • Battle of Midway
171
Q

What happened during the Battle of the Coral Sea?

A

The US fleet stops the Japanese invasion of Australia

172
Q

Battle of Midway (3)

A
  • US defeats the Japanese and stops their planned invasion of Hawaii/West Coast of the USA
  • Most important naval battle in American history
  • Turning point of the battle in the Pacific
173
Q

What was the American strategy?

A

To win the Pacific Theater

174
Q

Purpose of Island hopping

A

purpose get close enough to launch bombing attacks on Japan!

175
Q

Battle of Guadalcanal (2)

A
  • 6 month battle to control the airfield
  • First major island taken from the Japanese - starting point to attack Japan
176
Q

Two areas of Operation during WWII and which branches operated in each:

A

Pacific Theater - US Marines/Navy
European/African Theaters - US Army/Air Force

177
Q

Homefront:

A

USA

178
Q

Total War:

A

everything/everybody involved in war in some way

179
Q

How many blacks served in WWII and where did they serve

A

Over 1 million - in segregated units

180
Q

US soldiers were called

A

GI’s (Government Issue)

181
Q

How many US soldiers were drafted?

A

16 million

182
Q

How many women served in WWII and how?

A

300,000 women served in the military - non-combatant roles

183
Q

What were propaganda posters used for?

A

recruitment

184
Q

Rationing Books:

A

Rationed Food and supplies such as gas and clothing

185
Q

Victory Gardens:

A

people grew food for the war

186
Q

What did the War productions Board do?

A

mobilized the US industry for war effort

187
Q

Symbol of the American women

A

Rosie the Riveter

188
Q

What part of the workforce was women during WWII

A

1/3

189
Q

allowed millions of mexican men to work legally in America under short term labor contracts

A

Bracero Program

190
Q

How much unemployment in America during WWII

A

less than 2%

191
Q

How did America pay for the war? (2)

A
  • War Bonds (loans given to the government) financed the war - sold by movie stars/entertainers
  • Income tax
192
Q

How did the US government keep the people’s support after establishing an income tax?

A

Propaganda

193
Q

The systematic mass slaughter of the Jews and other “undesirables”

A

The Holocaust

194
Q

Head of the SS (Black Shirts)

A

Heinrich Himmler

195
Q

In Charge of the Holocaust:

A

Heinrich Himmler

196
Q

code word to the question of what to do with Europe’s 12 million Jews

A

Hitler’s “final solution”

197
Q

What 4 programs did hitler try to do with Europe’s 12 million Jews?

A
  1. Immigration
  2. Mobile Death Squads
  3. Ghettos
  4. Death Camps/Gas chambers
198
Q

How did Hitler try and get the Jews to Immigrate?

A

make life so bad in Germany that they flee the country!

199
Q

Why did Hitler’s immigration program fail?

A

Great Depression - Countries did not let them in

200
Q

Mobile Death Squads (Soviet Union/Poland) (Einsatzgruppen)

A

Dug trenches and were machine gunned to death!

201
Q

Ghettos:

A

Jews rounded up in cities (Poland) closed and sealed off behind barbed wire and forced to work with little food! Starve to death!

202
Q

Why did Hitler’s Ghetto program fail?

A

Too slow

203
Q

Holding tanks

A

shipped to death camps

204
Q

Death Camps/Gas chambers:

A

Jews gassed in showers and cremated in ovens

205
Q

What was the peak year of the Holocaust and how bad was it?

A

1942, up to 15,000 per day were killed

206
Q

Dutch Christian who hid Jews - wrote “Hiding Place”

A

Corrie Ten Boom

207
Q

German protestant pastor who gave his life to help Jews - wrote “The cost of discipleship”

A

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

208
Q

businessman who gave his life saving Jews - “Schindler’s List” based on him

A

Oskar Schindler

209
Q

Jewish girl who wrote a diary about the horrors of the Holocaust

A

Anne Frank

210
Q

formed after the war as repayment to the Jews for the Holocaust

A

The country of Israel

211
Q

Three types of German concentration camps:

A
  • POW Camps
  • Work Camps
  • Death Camps
212
Q

German POW Camps: (location, nickname, purpose)

A

Stalags - held prisoners of war mostly in Germany

213
Q

What percent death rate was there in German POW Camps

A

4%

214
Q

German Work camps: (purpose, location)

A

used slave labor to help the German war effort - (factories, mines, etc) many worked to death - mostly in Germany

215
Q

Most infamous German work camp:

A

Dachau

216
Q

German death camps: (purpose, location)

A

used to exterminate people -
All six were located in Poland

217
Q

Most infamous German death camp:

A

Auschwitz was the most infamous (1.1 million died)

218
Q

Established “rules of war”

A

Geneva Convention

219
Q

Who were the main combatants of the European/African theater?

A

USA and Britain vs. Germany and Italy

220
Q

North African Campaign code name

A

Operation Torch

221
Q

Commander of the European theater (led the allies)

A

Gen. Dwight Eisenhower

222
Q

British General on the European theater

A

Bernard Montgomery

223
Q

German general of the European theater - nicknamed “desert fox”

A

Erwin Rommel

224
Q

Key Allied victory in Africa

A

Battle of EL Alamein

225
Q

Italian campaign code name

A

Operation Underbelly

226
Q

thought of as the weak link during WW2

A

Italy

227
Q

Key Italian battle

A

Battle of Anzio

228
Q

What happened to Benito Mussolini after Operation Underbelly

A

executed

229
Q

Fortress Europe campaign (conquer Germany) code name

A

Operation Overlord

230
Q

Result of Operation Underbelly

A

Allies liberate Italy/Rome

231
Q

Largest amphibious attack in history - 156,000 troops - 6,000 ships - 12,000 planes

A

D-Day (Deliverance Day) - Battle of Normandy

232
Q

Who attacked on D-Day and what did they attack?

A

The Allies (USA, Britain, Canadian) - They attacked 5 French beaches

233
Q

How long did D-day attack last

A

3 month battle

234
Q

how many allied soldiers came ashore the beaches of Normandy?

A

Over 3 million

235
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Normandy?

A

The allied liberation of W. Europe from the Nazis

236
Q

Hitler last offensive of the war

A

Battle of the Bulge

237
Q

at Bastogne, heroically held their ground during Battle of the Bulge

A

101st airborne - small American unit

238
Q

Who rescued the 101sr airbone during the Battle of the Bulge? What type of unit did he command?

A

Gen. George Patton (tank division)

239
Q

Result of the Battle of the Bulge:

A

brought an end to the war in Europe sooner - Germany’s resources exhausted

240
Q

Race to Berlin

A

Germans in full retreat to Berlin, Russians are chasing them from the east, Brtish/USA attacking from the west

241
Q

The Soviet Union and the American/British forces meet in Berlin in May 1945 - Germany surrenders

A

Battle of Berlin

242
Q

2 sides in the Battle of Berlin

A

Soviets vs Germans

243
Q

Hitler’s mistress

A

Eva Braun

244
Q

How did Hitler and his mistress die?

A

suicide

245
Q

may 8 (Victory in Europe)

A

V-E day

246
Q

Japanese navy is destroyed and the Philippine Islands are liberated! McArthur returns!

A

Battle of Leyte Gulf

247
Q

Japanese suicide planes used in desperation!

A

Kamikazes

248
Q

Japanese warriors fight to the death or commit suicide - never surrender

A

Bushido Code

249
Q

“code talkers” - secret US code

A

Navajo

250
Q

USA takes the first of the Japanese home islands

A

Battles of Iwo Jima/Okinawa

251
Q

What happened on Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima after the US won?

A

5 men raised a US flag at the summit

252
Q

One of the 5 men who raised the flag at the summit of Mt. Suribachi - SDA

A

Harlon Brock

253
Q

longest/bloodiest battle in the Pacific and the Last major battle of the war (82 days)

A

Okinawa

254
Q

saves over 75 men from certain death - Wins the Congressional Medal of Honor - Most decorated SDA in history (Also won 2 Bronze Stars and 3 Purple Hearts)

A

Desmond Doss

255
Q

These two islands became the staging area for the anticipated Invasion of Japan

A

Iwo Jima & Okinawa

256
Q

USA’s secret Atomic bomb program

A

Manhattan Project

257
Q

warns FDR that Germany is trying to build an A-bomb

A

Albert Einstein

258
Q

Who led the Manhattan Project?

A

Chief scientist Robert Oppenheimer

259
Q

How many bombs were developed in the Manhattan Project?

A

3

260
Q

How was the first Atomic bomb used and where? Did it work?

A

used in a test: Alamogordo, New Mexico - it worked

261
Q

New US president after FDR

A

Harry Truman

262
Q

What was the plane that dropped the first A-bomb on Japan?

A

Enola Gay (B-29 bomber)

263
Q

Who piloted the plane that dropped the first A-bomb on Japan?

A

Col. Paul Tibbets Jr.

264
Q

Nickname for the first A-bomb dropped on Japan

A

“Little Boy”

265
Q

Where in Japan was the first A-bomb meant for Japan dropped?

A

on the Japanese city of Hiroshima

266
Q

How long after “Little Boy” was dropped, was the second A-bomb dropped?

A

3 days later

267
Q

Nickname for the second A-bomb dropped on Japan

A

“Fat Man”

268
Q

Where was “Fat Man” dropped?

A

Japanese city of Nagasaki

269
Q

V-J Day

A

Japan surrenders on September 2 – 1945 (Victory over Japan) WWII is over!

270
Q

War crimes trials (2)

A

The Nuremberg Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Trials

271
Q

Major results of WW2: (6)

A
  1. Approximately *65 million people died! *40 million were civilians
  2. Europe is in ruins! *40 million refugees!
  3. Cold War
  4. Great Britain lost its empire
  5. Nuclear age
  6. Creation of Israel (Jewish homeland)
272
Q

2 warring sides of the Cold War:

A

USA and the Soviet Union

Second Semester College History (6 decks)

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