Roaring 20's/Depression Flashcards
1
Q
The 20’s - A period of
A
great change and tension
2
Q
After the war, there was a time of…
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relative prosperity
3
Q
What happened to the country’s wealth between 1920 and 1929
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The country’s total wealth doubled between 1920 and 1929
4
Q
what was the problem with America’s wealth at this time?
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Money not equally distributed
5
Q
What was it called when Old conservative Christian values and traditions (Rural) were questioned and replaced with new liberal anti-Christian ideas (Urban)?
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A “Cultural Civil War”
6
Q
What essentially happened during the “Cultural Civil War?”
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Religion was questioned for the first time
7
Q
What happened during the beginning of the “Modern Age”
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Out with the old ideas of the “Victorian Age,” in with the new!
8
Q
What ideas replaced the old ideas of the ‘Victorian Age”
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Gender roles, religion, values, etc.
9
Q
Blacks move from the south to the northern cities
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Great Migration
10
Q
Everything that was considered bad in this new society (Alcohol, Flappers, crime, jazz) was blamed on:
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immigrants, catholics, and blacks
11
Q
A fear that there was going to be a communist take-over of the American government
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“Red scare”
12
Q
18th amendment
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Prohibition
13
Q
Who led the Prohibition?
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Led by the Women’s Temperance Union
14
Q
What was the Prohibition?
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Illegal to manufacture, buy, or sell alcohol
15
Q
closed all taverns, bars, and saloon in the USA
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Volstead Act
16
Q
ran illegal alcohol businesses/brought “booze” from canada
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Gangsters/Bootleggers
17
Q
Major gangster during prohibition:
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Al Capone
18
Q
Where did Al Capone operate?
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Chicago
19
Q
underground alcohol/dance clubs
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“Speakeasies”
20
Q
Result of the prohibition?
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Crime greatly increased in America
21
Q
Why didn’t the cops shut down the speakeasies?
A
They were paid off
22
Q
Farmers in rural areas who made homemade alcohol recipes
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“Moonshiners”
23
Q
Major type of alcohol manufactured by Moonshiners
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Whiskey
24
Q
Where did NASCAR originate
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NC
25
What sparked the creation of NASCAR?
Moonshiners running from the law beefed up their cars to be faster to run from cops
26
Main reason the prohibition ended:
Alcohol was a huge tax revenue for local, state, and federal governments
27
What did all of the perceived wealth at this time create for the 1st time?
a “consumer society”
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What is a consumer society?
things purchased on Credit - “Buy now, pay later”
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What type of products made America a consumer society?
new modern inventions that made life easier! (Automobiles, radios, motion pictures, and household appliances, etc.
30
What were the only proper activities for women in the 19th century? (2)
housework and child care
31
How much were women paid in the 19th century in comparison to men?
half a man’s wage
32
How many single women worked outside the home in the 19th century?
One in ten
33
What did a women getting married in the 19th century mean for them?
they gave up all rights (money, property, etc.) to their husbands - Wives were slaves to their husbands
34
Was it legal for men to beat their wives in the 19th century?
Yes
35
Could women vote in the 19th century?
No
36
How many legal rights did women have in the 19th century?
None
37
Early leaders of women’s reform: (3)
Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucrecia Mott
38
First women's rights convention?
Seneca Falls Convention
39
What was the official beginning of the womens rights movement?
Seneca Falls Convention
40
What was composed during the Seneca Falls Convention?
Composed a statement of grievances (complaints and demands)
41
What was the statement of grievances composed during the Seneca Falls Convention modeled after?
after the Declaration of Independence
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What was resolved at the Seneca Falls Convention?
that a woman is a man’s equal
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One of the major demands during the Seneca Falls Convention?
the right of suffrage (right to vote)
44
Who were the Suffragettes
women activists
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leaders of the American feminist movement (2)
Alice Paul and Lucy Burns
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What type of protests were used in the American feminist movement?
non-violent protests
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When did women get the right to vote?
1920
48
19th amendment
women’s suffrage
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What did the passing of the 19th amendment lead to?
Sexual Revolution
50
What came out of the Sexual Revolution?
“New Woman”
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What did women gain during the Sexual Revolution?
a new sense of freedom and independence
52
What did woman start to do during the Sexual Revolution?
Began to work outside the home
53
founder of Planned Parenthood
Margret Sanger
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Reason behind the founding of Planned Parenthood
less children brought more freedom
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the unconventional new women who wore their hair short, wore make-up, wore short skirts, and smoked and drank just like the men!
"Flappers"
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“Freedom torches”
Cigarettes
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Who was Religion was challenged by
Charles Darwin
58
What famous book did Charles Darwin write?
“The origin of the Species”
59
What was the issue during the Scopes Monkey Trial
God or Evolution taught in the schools?
60
Impact of the Scopes Monkey Trial?
Evolution began to be taught in public schools as a result!
61
Why did they decide that Evolution should be taught in public schools
“Modern Science”
62
What were two major new music styles?
Jazz and the Blues
63
What city was most famous for it's new music styles and progressive culture?
Harlem NYC
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Famous jazz composer during this period
George Gershwin
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Famous jazz trumpeter during this period
Louis Armstrong
66
most famous jazz club in Harlem
Cotton club
67
new source of communication - one of the greatest inventions of its time! Most desired product of the period
The Radio
68
Pittsburgh - 1st radio station in America
WKDKA
69
“National Pastime”
Baseball
70
Baseball player who made more money than the president of the USA.
Babe Ruth
71
Boxing heavyweight champion
Jack Dempsey
72
How often were people going to motion pictures by 1929
at least once a week
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1st motion pictures with words
“Talkies”
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1st “talkie” film
The Jazz Singer
75
2 famous Actresses during roaring 20s
Greta Garbo and Mary Pickford
76
3 famous actors during roaring 20s
Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, and Gary Cooper
77
Gave Americans a sense of Freedom and Independence (to go where they pleased and do what they wanted)
The automobile
78
Greatest engineer of the time) - with his Model T made autos affordable
Henry Ford
79
What did Ford create that made the production of cars faster?
The assembly line
80
auto capital of the world
Detroit
81
“New Negro Movement”
A celebration of African American culture (took pride in their culture)
Harlem Renaissance
82
“capital” of black America (NYC)
Harlem
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Some famous people of the Harlem Renaissance: (3)
- Langston Hughes - Poet
- Duke Ellington - musician
- Louis Armstrong - musician
84
“Invisible Empire” - A violent anti-black, Jewish, Catholic, and immigrant organization
Ku Klux Klan
85
Leader of the KKK
the Supreme Grand Wizard
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Why did the KKK attack the groups that they attacked
these groups were blamed for all the problems in society
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Goal of the KKK
to “purify” America
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The symbol of the KKK
The Flaming Cross
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Who ushered in the Age of Aviation and was the 1st solo transatlantic airplane flight - NYC to Paris - 33 hours!
Charles Lindbergh:
90
Early Negros Activists: (2)
Marcus Garvey:
W.E.B Du Bois:
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suggested the Back to Africa Movement - controversial
Marcus Garvey:
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co founder of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
W.E.B Du Bois
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wrote the “Great Gatsby” book that exposes that money does not buy happiness
F. Scott Fitzgerald
94
Who wrote “A Farewell to Arms” - “To Whom the Bell Tolls”, etc
Ernest Hemingway
95
What practice made the Roaring twenties not real?
The practice of buying things on credit made it appear that everyone was prosperous! (this was an illusion)
96
a severe worldwide economic crisis which took place during the 1930’s
The Great Depression
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Causes of the great depression: (5)
- Unequal distribution of wealth
- Overproduction in industry
- High Tariff taxes - USA charged high taxes on trade goods - other countries retaliated = World Wide trade stopped!
- Easy Credit: Banks were giving out too much credit
People were spending more money than they earned!
People were also “buying on the margin” borrowing money to invest!!!!!!
- Stock Market Crash: “Black Tuesday” October 29, 1929
98
The people panicked and there was a “run on the bank” that led to what?
banks collapsing
99
What happened to the people after they did a "run on the bank"
Banks had no insurance so most people lost their entire life savings overnight!
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the official beginning of the Great Depression
The stock market crashing
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How many people were homeless
2 million
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major source of help for the homeless
Bread/Soup lines
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What type of towns for the unemployed began to spring up?
Shanty towns sprang up (Unemployed) “Hoovervilles”
104
President at the beginning of the Depression
Herbert Hoover
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During the election of 1928, Hoover had promised Americans what?
“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage”
106
Why did Hoover do very little to combat the Depression?
He believed that if you just let it run its course it would be over soon
107
17,000 soldiers from WWI had been promised a bonus (money) by the US government from their service during WWI - not to be paid until 1945
Bonus Army
108
What was the problem with the Bonus army?
They weren't due to get their money until 1945, but when the depression hit they needed their money now! - However, the US Government was broke and couldn't pay them
109
Who were the candidates of the 1932 Presidential election
Republican - Herbert Hoover
Democrat - Franklin D Roosevelt
110
Who won the 1932 Presidential election
Roosevelt
111
What did Roosevelt do that was the first of any president?
1st inaugural address
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What did Roosevelt say during the 1st inaugural address
“We have nothing to fear except fear itself” - meaning we should face our fears boldly and not let our fear control or destroy us!
113
First thing Roosevelt did
Emergency Bank Act: National Bank holiday - closed for 5 days
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Purpose of the Emergency Bank Act
to stabilize the banks
115
How did Roosevelt encourage people to put their money back into the banks
Started FDIC (Federal deposit insurance corporation) = money is protected!
116
Roosevelt talked with the people over the radio - this is the method of communication he used to explain his programs to the American people!
Fireside chats
117
Roosevelt's group of the leading scholars/businessmen - Cabinet (advisors)
Brain Trust
118
A set of federal economic programs to get the country out of the Depression
New Deal
119
The 3 R's of the New Deal
Relief, Recovery, Reform
120
gave temporary help to the suffering and unemployed Americans
Relief program
121
designed to help the economy bounce back from the depression
Recovery programs
122
targeted the causes of the Depression and sought ways to prevent it from happening again.
Reform programs
123
Roosevelt's major programs: (4)
- Public Works program - (JOBS) built highways, parks, bridges, schools, dams, etc. - ($5 a month)
- Federal Emergency Relief program - gave small amounts of money to people until they get work
- Federal assistance for farmers, businesses, and banks
- Social Security Program - set aside money for people’s retirement
124
Did Roosevelt's programs work?
Yes and no, they did slow the depression down but did not end it.
125
When did the depression peak?
1933
126
Worst drought in American History
The Dust Bowl
127
where did the Dust Bowl hit?
Hit the Farm belt - Great Plains (Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, etc.)
128
People who migrated to California on Rt. 66
"Okies"
129
First interstate
Rt. 66
130
Migratory worker or homeless vagabond: “Riding the rails”
Hobo
