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Second Semester College History > The Great War - WW1 > Flashcards

The Great War - WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

World War 1 nickname

A

“War to end all war”

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2
Q

WW1 time frame

A

1914-1918

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3
Q

4 Major Causes of the war

A
  • Militarism
  • Alliance System
  • Imperialism
  • Nationalism
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4
Q

What is militarism?

A

glorification of war

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5
Q

How did militarism help cause the WW1

A

Created an arms race

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6
Q

What was the original purpose of the Alliance System?

A

to create a “balance of power” throughout Europe - they believed this would help prevent war

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7
Q

What is Imperialism?

A

Colonial Conquest

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8
Q

How did Imperialism help to start WWI?

A

created rivalries between empires for power

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9
Q

What is Nationalism?

A

Deep devotion to one’s country

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10
Q

How did Nationalism help to start WWI?

A

created a desire for self rule

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11
Q

What acronym helps to remember the 4 major causes of WWI

A

MAIN - Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism

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12
Q

Who created the Alliance System and where was he from?

A

Otto Von Bismarck - German

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13
Q

What were the 2 major alliances in the Alliance System?

A
  • Triple Alliance
  • Triple Entente
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14
Q

What empires made up the Triple Alliance?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

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15
Q

What empires made up the Triple Entente?

A

Great Britain, France, and Russia

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16
Q

Before WWI, Europe was made up of what 6 major empires

A

British, German, French, Austria-Hungary, Russian, Ottoman

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17
Q

What was significant about the rulers of the 6 major empires of Europe?

A

All but the ruler of the Ottomans were related

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18
Q

“Powder Keg” of Europe

A

Balkan Peninsula

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19
Q

What made the “Powder Keg” of Europe ready to explode at any time?

A

The Balkans were made up of Slavic peoples who wanted their independence from the Turks. Eventually, the Turks were driven out by the Austria-Hungarian Empire. The Austria-Hungarians promised the Balkans freedom but did not deliver.

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20
Q

A nationalist movement created to bring independence to the
Balkan region

A

Pan-Slavism

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21
Q

What was the goal of Pan-Slavism?

A

goal was to create a Slavic state (country) called Yugoslavia

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22
Q

What country led out in the Pan-Slavism movement?

A

The tiny independent country of Serbia

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23
Q

What did the Pan-Slavism movement lead to?

A

The Balkan Wars

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24
Q

What did the Balkan Wars lead to?

A

The minor incident that started WWI

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25
Q

What was the minor incident that started WWI?

A

The Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophie visit Sarajevo for a “goodwill tour” to open a new hospital Sent by his uncle - Franz Joseph (King of Austria-Hungary) Both the Archduke and his wife are assassinated by a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand
Austria-Hungary - gives Serbia an ultimatum! Do this or else war! Serbia doesn’t surrender to the ultimatum because they have a powerful ally - Russia
The Alliance System kicks in and a minor incident becomes the GREAT WAR

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26
Q

How many members were in the Serbian terrorist group the “Black Hand”?

A

7

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27
Q

Which member of the Black Hand killed the Archduke of Austria-Hungary and his wife?

A

Gavrillo Princep

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28
Q

Mobilization:

A

Countries begin preparing for war

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29
Q

Propaganda:

A

Information used to influence public opinion

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30
Q

How was Propaganda used? (3)

A
  • Recruitment of men
  • Promote Patriotism at home
  • Make enemy look evil
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31
Q

Who were the belligerents (warring sides) during WWI?

A
  • The Central Powers
  • The Allied Powers
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32
Q

Central Powers

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Turks

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33
Q

Allied Powers

A

Russia, France, and Great Britain, and later the USA

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34
Q

German plan to attack France through neutral Belgium

A

Schlieffen Plan

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35
Q

Who came up with the Schlieffen Plan

A

Alfred Von Schlieffen

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36
Q

Goal of the Schlieffen Plan

A

trying to knock the French out of the war early

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37
Q

First battle of the war

A

Battle of Marne

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38
Q

Goal of the battle of Marne
Was it successful?

A

German attempt to capture Paris - failed

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39
Q

2 major fronts

A
  • Western Front - extended from the North Sea to Switzerland (500 miles) between the borders of France and Germany
  • Eastern Front - from Baltic Sea to Black Sea (1,000 miles) between the borders of Russia and Germany/Austria-Hungary
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40
Q

What kind of warfare was used during WWI

A

Trench Warfare

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41
Q

area between the trenches

A

“No man’s land”

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42
Q

By 1915 the war turned into a

A

Stalemate

43
Q

2 major battles showing the horror of trench warfare

A
  • Battle of the Somme:
    Over 1.2 million casualties and gained about 7 miles of turf!
  • Battle of Verdun: largest and longest battle of WWI
    Over 1.25 million casualties and gained about 2 miles of turf
44
Q

What kind of war did WWI become?

A

A War of Attrition

45
Q

What was a War of Attrition

A

goal was to wear the other side out!

46
Q

The industrial revolution had created many new deadly modern weapons, what were they? (8)

A
  • Machine gun - most deadly
  • New Artillery - Launch exploding shells over 10 miles
  • Poison Gas - “mustard gas”
  • Tanks - cross trenches / breakdown barbed wire
  • Flamethrowers - against trenches
  • Zeppelins - “blimps” - used for reconnaissance
  • Airplanes - “Knights of the Sky” - Jousting in the sky
  • Submarines
47
Q

aerial combats

A

“Dogfights”

48
Q

5 or more kills as a pilot

A

“Flying Ace”

49
Q

Greatest of the “aces”

A

Manfred Von Richtofen - “Red Baron”

50
Q

How many kills did the Red Baron have?

A

80

51
Q

Top American Ace, how many kills?

A

Eddie Rickenbacker - 26 kills

52
Q

Life expectancy at the front was how long for pilots

A

14 days

53
Q

Soldiers nicknames for each country: (4)

A

Germans - Huns
British - Tommies
French - Frogs/Froggies
American - Doughboys

54
Q

Why was the Russian army on the verge of collapse along the eastern front by 1916?

A
  • Lack of supplies and equipment
  • 76% casualty rates
55
Q

The Gallipoli Campaign

A

British attempt to rescue Russia

56
Q

Why did the the British want to help Russia during the Gallipoli Campaign?

A

They wanted to help Russia because a two front war kept the German army split over two areas!

57
Q

Was the Gallipoli Campaign successful?

A

It failed miserably and did not relieve any pressure off of the Russians

58
Q

Causes of the Russian Revolution? (4)

A
  • Corrupt/inefficient government
  • Poor living conditions - peasants
  • War had destroyed the economy
  • Slaughter of the army
59
Q

Who led the Russian Revolution?

A

Vladimir Lenin

60
Q

What did Vladimir Lenin promise the people if they supported him during the Russian Revolution? (2)

A
  1. Take Russia out of WW1
  2. Land
61
Q

Who were the Bolsheviks?

A

The Socialist Democratic Party

62
Q

Who took over and pulled Russia out of the war?

A

the Bolsheviks

63
Q

Why is Russia being pulled out of the war bad for the Allies?

A

Germany can now concentrate all of its forces on the Western Front

64
Q

What were the 2 sides of the Russian Civil War?

A

Reds vs Whites

65
Q

Who were the Reds?

A

Bolsheviks

66
Q

Who were the Whites?

A

Those in favor of democracy (Czarists, Menshoviks) and the Democratic countries of Britain, France, and USA

67
Q

Who won the Civil War?

A

Reds

68
Q

Most brutal of all the Russian Dictators

A

Joseph Stalin

69
Q

“Great Purge”

A

Stalin killed over 1 million and imprisoned (in gulags) over 1 million of his own people

70
Q

How many people did Stalin kill during his reign?

A

over 20 million

71
Q

What policy did the USA have at this time?

A

Isolationism

72
Q

What was isolationism?

A

Stay out of European affairs) - goal was to remain neutral!

73
Q

Events that brought the USA into the war (3)

A
  • Sinking of the Lusitania
  • Unrestricted submarine warfare
  • Zimmerman telegram
74
Q

What was unrestricted submarine warfare?

A

German U-boats were sinking neutral ships

75
Q

Zimmerman telegram:

A

German Ambassador Arthur Zimmerman promised Mexico to help them get their land back from the Americans if they joined them as an ally

76
Q

How did Woodrow Wilson justify America joining war?

A

Said it would make the world “safe for democracy”

77
Q

American impacts on the war (3)

A
  • Boosted Morale of the Allied Powers
  • Fresh manpower (troops)
  • Supplies and equipment
78
Q

in charge of the American Expeditionary Force (US Army)

A

Gen. John Pershing

79
Q

Spring of 1918 - The German open up a massive offensive! Hope to defeat the Allied forces before the Americans can make a difference, what was this operation called?

A

“Operation Michael”

80
Q

abdicated the German throne in the Fall of 1918

A

king of Germany Kaiser Willhelm II

81
Q

who Accepted the German surrender

A

King George V (England)

82
Q

Greatest medical Holocaust in history

A

Spanish Influenza

83
Q

How many died during the Spanish Influenza outbreak?

A

50 to 100 million

84
Q

Who was allowed to go to the peace negotiations?

A

Allied powers except Russia

85
Q

Who was not allowed to go to the peace negotiations?

A

Russia or any of the Central Powers

86
Q

Who represented Great Britain for the peace negotiations?

A

David Lloyd George

87
Q

Who represented France for the peace negotiations?

A

Georges Clemenceau

88
Q

Who represented USA for the peace negotiations?

A

Woodrow Wilson

89
Q

Who represented Italy for the peace negotiations?

A

Vittorio Orlando

90
Q

Goals of Wilson’s 14 points (peace plan) (2)

A
  1. Address the causes of war and
  2. Solutions for world peace
91
Q

What were the first 5, and the 14th point of Wilson’s 14 points?

A
  1. Open diplomacy with no secret treaties
  2. Freedom of the seas
  3. Free and equal trade
  4. Decrease arms/military
  5. End colonial claims - end imperialism
    - 14. Established the League of Nations
92
Q

Points 6-13 of Wilson’s 14 points deal with:

A

Self determination - Nations of the world should have the right to govern themselves - end empires

93
Q

International peacekeeping organization whose goal/purpose was to prevent future wars!

A

League of Nations

94
Q

in Wilson’s peace plan, what kind of peace did he call for?

A

“Peace without Victory”

95
Q

What does “Peace without victory” mean?

A

No winner or loser/no punishment for the losers

96
Q

Why did Wilson want a “Peace without victory”

A

Would heal the wounds faster

97
Q

Which one of Wilson’s points did the victorious European powers accept?

A

the 14th point

98
Q

What was the 14th point of Wilson’s 14 points?

A

Established the League of Nations

99
Q

Germany had to accept all the blame for the war

A

War Guilt Clause

100
Q

The Treaty that the victorious European powers forced Germany to sign in order to punish them:

A

Treaty of Versailles

101
Q

4 major conditions of the Treaty of Versailles

A
  • Germany had to accept all the blame for the war (War Guilt Clause)
  • Germany had to pay for the war reparations (damages) - $32 billion
  • Germany lost all its colonies and some German territories
  • Forced to greatly reduce the size of its military
102
Q

Did USA ever join the League of Nation’s created by their own president?

A

Nope

103
Q

What prediction did Woodrow Wilson make as a result of Treaty of Versailles without American membership?

A

Europe would have another World War within a generation

Second Semester College History (6 decks)

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