The Great War - WW1 Flashcards
1
Q
World War 1 nickname
A
“War to end all war”
2
Q
WW1 time frame
A
1914-1918
3
Q
4 Major Causes of the war
A
- Militarism
- Alliance System
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
4
Q
What is militarism?
A
glorification of war
5
Q
How did militarism help cause the WW1
A
Created an arms race
6
Q
What was the original purpose of the Alliance System?
A
to create a “balance of power” throughout Europe - they believed this would help prevent war
7
Q
What is Imperialism?
A
Colonial Conquest
8
Q
How did Imperialism help to start WWI?
A
created rivalries between empires for power
9
Q
What is Nationalism?
A
Deep devotion to one’s country
10
Q
How did Nationalism help to start WWI?
A
created a desire for self rule
11
Q
What acronym helps to remember the 4 major causes of WWI
A
MAIN - Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism
12
Q
Who created the Alliance System and where was he from?
A
Otto Von Bismarck - German
13
Q
What were the 2 major alliances in the Alliance System?
A
- Triple Alliance
- Triple Entente
14
Q
What empires made up the Triple Alliance?
A
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
15
Q
What empires made up the Triple Entente?
A
Great Britain, France, and Russia
16
Q
Before WWI, Europe was made up of what 6 major empires
A
British, German, French, Austria-Hungary, Russian, Ottoman
17
Q
What was significant about the rulers of the 6 major empires of Europe?
A
All but the ruler of the Ottomans were related
18
Q
“Powder Keg” of Europe
A
Balkan Peninsula
19
Q
What made the “Powder Keg” of Europe ready to explode at any time?
A
The Balkans were made up of Slavic peoples who wanted their independence from the Turks. Eventually, the Turks were driven out by the Austria-Hungarian Empire. The Austria-Hungarians promised the Balkans freedom but did not deliver.
20
Q
A nationalist movement created to bring independence to the
Balkan region
A
Pan-Slavism
21
Q
What was the goal of Pan-Slavism?
A
goal was to create a Slavic state (country) called Yugoslavia
22
Q
What country led out in the Pan-Slavism movement?
A
The tiny independent country of Serbia
23
Q
What did the Pan-Slavism movement lead to?
A
The Balkan Wars
24
Q
What did the Balkan Wars lead to?
A
The minor incident that started WWI
25
What was the minor incident that started WWI?
The Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophie visit Sarajevo for a “goodwill tour” to open a new hospital Sent by his uncle - Franz Joseph (King of Austria-Hungary) Both the Archduke and his wife are assassinated by a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand
Austria-Hungary - gives Serbia an ultimatum! Do this or else war! Serbia doesn’t surrender to the ultimatum because they have a powerful ally - Russia
The Alliance System kicks in and a minor incident becomes the GREAT WAR
26
How many members were in the Serbian terrorist group the "Black Hand"?
7
27
Which member of the Black Hand killed the Archduke of Austria-Hungary and his wife?
Gavrillo Princep
28
Mobilization:
Countries begin preparing for war
29
Propaganda:
Information used to influence public opinion
30
How was Propaganda used? (3)
- Recruitment of men
- Promote Patriotism at home
- Make enemy look evil
31
Who were the belligerents (warring sides) during WWI?
- The Central Powers
- The Allied Powers
32
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Turks
33
Allied Powers
Russia, France, and Great Britain, and later the USA
34
German plan to attack France through neutral Belgium
Schlieffen Plan
35
Who came up with the Schlieffen Plan
Alfred Von Schlieffen
36
Goal of the Schlieffen Plan
trying to knock the French out of the war early
37
First battle of the war
Battle of Marne
38
Goal of the battle of Marne
Was it successful?
German attempt to capture Paris - failed
39
2 major fronts
- Western Front - extended from the North Sea to Switzerland (500 miles) between the borders of France and Germany
- Eastern Front - from Baltic Sea to Black Sea (1,000 miles) between the borders of Russia and Germany/Austria-Hungary
40
What kind of warfare was used during WWI
Trench Warfare
41
area between the trenches
“No man’s land”
42
By 1915 the war turned into a
Stalemate
43
2 major battles showing the horror of trench warfare
- Battle of the Somme:
Over 1.2 million casualties and gained about 7 miles of turf!
- Battle of Verdun: largest and longest battle of WWI
Over 1.25 million casualties and gained about 2 miles of turf
44
What kind of war did WWI become?
A War of Attrition
45
What was a War of Attrition
goal was to wear the other side out!
46
The industrial revolution had created many new deadly modern weapons, what were they? (8)
- Machine gun - most deadly
- New Artillery - Launch exploding shells over 10 miles
- Poison Gas - “mustard gas”
- Tanks - cross trenches / breakdown barbed wire
- Flamethrowers - against trenches
- Zeppelins - “blimps” - used for reconnaissance
- Airplanes - “Knights of the Sky” - Jousting in the sky
- Submarines
47
aerial combats
“Dogfights”
48
5 or more kills as a pilot
"Flying Ace"
49
Greatest of the “aces”
Manfred Von Richtofen - “Red Baron”
50
How many kills did the Red Baron have?
80
51
Top American Ace, how many kills?
Eddie Rickenbacker - 26 kills
52
Life expectancy at the front was how long for pilots
14 days
53
Soldiers nicknames for each country: (4)
Germans - Huns
British - Tommies
French - Frogs/Froggies
American - Doughboys
54
Why was the Russian army on the verge of collapse along the eastern front by 1916?
- Lack of supplies and equipment
- 76% casualty rates
55
The Gallipoli Campaign
British attempt to rescue Russia
56
Why did the the British want to help Russia during the Gallipoli Campaign?
They wanted to help Russia because a two front war kept the German army split over two areas!
57
Was the Gallipoli Campaign successful?
It failed miserably and did not relieve any pressure off of the Russians
58
Causes of the Russian Revolution? (4)
- Corrupt/inefficient government
- Poor living conditions - peasants
- War had destroyed the economy
- Slaughter of the army
59
Who led the Russian Revolution?
Vladimir Lenin
60
What did Vladimir Lenin promise the people if they supported him during the Russian Revolution? (2)
1. Take Russia out of WW1
2. Land
61
Who were the Bolsheviks?
The Socialist Democratic Party
62
Who took over and pulled Russia out of the war?
the Bolsheviks
63
Why is Russia being pulled out of the war bad for the Allies?
Germany can now concentrate all of its forces on the Western Front
64
What were the 2 sides of the Russian Civil War?
Reds vs Whites
65
Who were the Reds?
Bolsheviks
66
Who were the Whites?
Those in favor of democracy (Czarists, Menshoviks) and the Democratic countries of Britain, France, and USA
67
Who won the Civil War?
Reds
68
Most brutal of all the Russian Dictators
Joseph Stalin
69
“Great Purge”
Stalin killed over 1 million and imprisoned (in gulags) over 1 million of his own people
70
How many people did Stalin kill during his reign?
over 20 million
71
What policy did the USA have at this time?
Isolationism
72
What was isolationism?
Stay out of European affairs) - goal was to remain neutral!
73
Events that brought the USA into the war (3)
- Sinking of the Lusitania
- Unrestricted submarine warfare
- Zimmerman telegram
74
What was unrestricted submarine warfare?
German U-boats were sinking neutral ships
75
Zimmerman telegram:
German Ambassador Arthur Zimmerman promised Mexico to help them get their land back from the Americans if they joined them as an ally
76
How did Woodrow Wilson justify America joining war?
Said it would make the world "safe for democracy"
77
American impacts on the war (3)
- Boosted Morale of the Allied Powers
- Fresh manpower (troops)
- Supplies and equipment
78
in charge of the American Expeditionary Force (US Army)
Gen. John Pershing
79
Spring of 1918 - The German open up a massive offensive! Hope to defeat the Allied forces before the Americans can make a difference, what was this operation called?
“Operation Michael”
80
abdicated the German throne in the Fall of 1918
king of Germany Kaiser Willhelm II
81
who Accepted the German surrender
King George V (England)
82
Greatest medical Holocaust in history
Spanish Influenza
83
How many died during the Spanish Influenza outbreak?
50 to 100 million
84
Who was allowed to go to the peace negotiations?
Allied powers except Russia
85
Who was not allowed to go to the peace negotiations?
Russia or any of the Central Powers
86
Who represented Great Britain for the peace negotiations?
David Lloyd George
87
Who represented France for the peace negotiations?
Georges Clemenceau
88
Who represented USA for the peace negotiations?
Woodrow Wilson
89
Who represented Italy for the peace negotiations?
Vittorio Orlando
90
Goals of Wilson's 14 points (peace plan) (2)
1. Address the causes of war and
2. Solutions for world peace
91
What were the first 5, and the 14th point of Wilson's 14 points?
1. Open diplomacy with no secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Free and equal trade
4. Decrease arms/military
5. End colonial claims - end imperialism
- 14. Established the League of Nations
92
Points 6-13 of Wilson's 14 points deal with:
Self determination - Nations of the world should have the right to govern themselves - end empires
93
International peacekeeping organization whose goal/purpose was to prevent future wars!
League of Nations
94
in Wilson's peace plan, what kind of peace did he call for?
"Peace without Victory"
95
What does “Peace without victory” mean?
No winner or loser/no punishment for the losers
96
Why did Wilson want a “Peace without victory”
Would heal the wounds faster
97
Which one of Wilson's points did the victorious European powers accept?
the 14th point
98
What was the 14th point of Wilson's 14 points?
Established the League of Nations
99
Germany had to accept all the blame for the war
War Guilt Clause
100
The Treaty that the victorious European powers forced Germany to sign in order to punish them:
Treaty of Versailles
101
4 major conditions of the Treaty of Versailles
- Germany had to accept all the blame for the war (War Guilt Clause)
- Germany had to pay for the war reparations (damages) - $32 billion
- Germany lost all its colonies and some German territories
- Forced to greatly reduce the size of its military
102
Did USA ever join the League of Nation's created by their own president?
Nope
103
What prediction did Woodrow Wilson make as a result of Treaty of Versailles without American membership?
Europe would have another World War within a generation
