world war and revolution 28

Question 1

militarism

Answer 1

the glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it; important bc one of the reasons for WW1, competition between countries

Question 2

triple entente

Answer 2

the alliance between France, Britain, and Russia in the first world war; important bc European powers were divided into 2 sides prior to the war

Question 3

trench warfare

Answer 3

fighting beyond rows of trenches, mines, and barbed wire; used in WW1 with a staggering cost in lives and small gains in territory

Question 4

march revolution

Answer 4

the first phase of the Russian revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a provisional democratic government that was then overthrown

Question 5

bolsheviks

Answer 5

the majority group; this was Lenins supporters of the Russian party of marxist socialism; came to power

Question 6

war communism

Answer 6

the application of the total war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from the peasants, introduced rationing, required everyone to work; important bc they silenced and executed class enemies

Question 7

League of Nations

Answer 7

a permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris peace conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars;

Question 8

treaty of versailles

Answer 8

the 1919 peace settlement that ended world war 1; declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany’s army and forced germany to pay huge reparations

Question 9

Dawes plan

Answer 9

the product of the world war 1 reparations commission, accepted by Britain france and germany, that reduced germanys yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted germany large loans from the US to promote recover; worked for awhile and promoted worldwide economic recovery

Question 10

mein kämpf

Answer 10

adulf hitlers autobiography written in jail and contained his political ideology

Question 11

existentialism

Answer 11

the name given to the contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaningless of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty; post war anxiety

Question 12

modernism

Answer 12

a variety of cultural movements at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past; in the US led to skyscrapers; constant experimentation and expression

Question 13

functionalism

Answer 13

the principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible