the revolution of energy and industry 23 Flashcards
spinning Jenny
a simple, inexpensive, hand powered spinning machine; created by James Hargreaves in 1765; important b/c it allowed Britain to compete successfully in international markets in thread.
water frame
a spinning machine created by Richard Arkwright that had a capacity of several hundred spindles and used water power; it therefore required a larger mill- a factory; important b/c allowed Britain to compete in international markets in thread and started to see factory work
steam engines
invention that burned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump; important because for the first time in history humanity had almost unlimited power at its disposal
crystal palace
the location of the great exhibition in 1851 in London, an architectural masterpiece made of glass and iron; important because it showed the new trade with other countries but more importantly the strength of Britian’s output of industrial goods; growth of GNP
factory act of 1833
English law that led to the decline in employment of children by limiting the hours children over the age of 9 could work and banning employment of children younger then 9; important b/c it showed progress for preventing the exploitation of children and changed the dynamic of whole families working together
mines act of 1842
English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls as well as for boys under 10; important b/c it showed progress for preventing the exploitation of children and also showed the beginning of removal from women and children from dangers of the workplace; gender separation of labor
combination acts
English laws passed in 1799 that outlawed unions and strikes, favoring capitalist business owners over skilled artisans; time period is a time of anticapitalist sentiments and working class solidarity and class consciousness; important b/c the rich capitalists were disregarding the needs of the working class and parliament was supporting it
