World War 1

Question 1

Define nationalism

Answer 1

Nationalism refers to the sense of unity felt by the people who share a common history, language, and culture.

Question 2

Define aggressive nationalism

Answer 2

Aggressive nationalism meant love for one own country and hatred of other countries.

Question 3

How did aggressive nationalism develop from nationalism?

Answer 3

• Nationalism refers to the sense of Unity felt by the people who share a common language, history and culture.
• In the latter half of the 19th Century this feeling of unity turned into extreme Pride. This gave many people a feeling of superiority over other countries and lead to the development of aggressive Nationalism in Europe.

Question 4

France wanted the territory of ___ from ___

Answer 4

Alsace and Lorraine, Germany

Question 5

Italy wanted ___ from ___

Answer 5

Trentino Trieste, Austria-Hungary

Question 6

Why did Balkan states like Serbia develop expansionist policies?

Answer 6

The Balkan states like Serbia wanted that their fellow national (Slavs) who lived in other state should come together to form a greater Balkan state.
Hence these countries developed expansionist policies in the name of nationalism.

Question 7

How did military stand becomes synonymous with National Prestige? briefly answer.

Answer 7

• In the letter half of the 19th Century the feeling of Unity turned into extreme Pride with gave many people a sense of superiority over other countries this lead to aggressive nationalism.
• Countries like France Serbia and Italy wanted to get back the territory even if it was at the expense of another country. This lead to the development of expansion is policies in the name of nationalism.
• Hence military strength became synonymous which national Prestige and every country began to increase her military power.

Question 8

Define imperialism

Answer 8

Imperialism refers to the state policy or practice by which a powerful Nation established its control over another country either by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control.

Question 9

How were the colonies governed?

Answer 9

The colonies for governed and administered by the Imperial Nations through a representative or a puppet government.`

Question 10

Explain briefly how aggressive nationalism lead to imperialism

Answer 10

• Aggressive nationalism made countries prioritize their own interest in view the other countries as Rivals leading to intense competition.
• The intense competition pushed Nations to assert dominance and expanded territories to military force..

Question 11

What are the features of imperialism?

Answer 11

• Imperialism involved powerful Nations conquering and governing colonies to exploit the resources for economic gain
• colonies were governed by representative of Puppet government providing raw materials labour and strategic location

Question 12

State the focus, the colonies and the source of powe the British imperialism.

Answer 12

Focus: maintaining and expanding trade by exploiting the resources of its colonies.

Colonies: India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Egypt, South Africa Caribbean islands etc

Question 13

How did having colonies benefit the imperialists?

Answer 13

• Colonies benefited the imperialists by:
  1. Providing raw material
  
  2. Cheap labour
  3. Agriculture land
  4. Trading port
     Which support Ed the economic interest of the Imperialist Nations
• colonies served as markets if finish good and hanting trade and wealth
• Prestige

Question 14

Why did other countries want to build colonies?

Answer 14

Other countries like Germany Italy Russia and Japan sought colonies for raw materials market for the products and to enhance the power and Prestige.

Question 15

How did aggressive nationalism and imperialism contribute to the race for armaments?

Answer 15

• Aggressive nationalism and imperialism lead to fierce economic competition and filled the atmosphere with mutual hatred and international tension.
• This lead the people to be convince that International problems can only be solved by militarism. This ideology contributed to the race for armaments.

Question 16

Which war lead to the mad Race for armaments?

Answer 16

Franco Prussian war of 1870

Question 17

Why did major powers begin stock piling armaments? How did it influence the other countries?

Answer 17

The major powers began stock piling armament in the name of self defence and preservation of peace.

The other countries felt threatened and were pressure to do the same. This created an atmosphere of mutual hated fear and apprehension.

Question 18

How did Germany react to the race for armaments?

Answer 18

1. In response to the mad Race for a moment Germany started building a large Navy to achieve parity with Britain and protect its colonies in Africa and Pacific Islands.
2. It built the largest ship the imperator in 1912..
3. Germany dug the Kiel canal deeper to allow battleships to enter the waters.
4. It left Britain and France far behind in the production of iron and steel.

Question 19

How did Germany’s progress in the race for armaments affect other major powers?

Answer 19

• Britain and France were concerned with Germany’s growing military strength.
• This lead to a fierce competition among the European countries and contributed to the race for armaments.

Question 20

What were the two kinds of states in Europe in the early 20th century?

Answer 20

Single Nation states and Imperial States

Question 21

Give the characteristics as well as examples of the two different kinds of states that existed in the Europe in the early 20th century.

Answer 21

• Single Nation states single Nation states are the countries which are characterized by common language culture tradition and a national identity. examples are from Holland and Germany.

Question 22

What are the characteristics of Imperial states+

Answer 22

Imperial states are characterized by multi ethnic cultures they are ruled by a single dynasty they have different languages and cultural. (iand traditional differences.

Examples Austria Hungarian Empire Russian Empire

Question 23

Which countries form the triple alliance and when?

Answer 23

Germany, Austria hungry and Italy form the triple alliance in 1882

Question 24

How did the triple entente form and who were its members?

Answer 24

After bismarks death France established friendly relations with Russian England forming the triple entenge in 1907. later Japan joined the alliance

Question 25

Why were there rivalries between Nations created?

Answer 25

• Scramble for Colonies: Britain’s last Empire was created by acquiring colonies in Asian Africa. It brought rich is from successes in trade in foreign resources market territories in people. Hence other countries like USA Netherlands and Italy to Wanted colonies and this led to scramble for Colony.
• Colonial trade and trade route as well created suspicion and tension.

Question 26

What was the immediate cause of the world War?

Answer 26

The Sarajevo Crisi

Question 27

What was the event that culminated finally into the first world war? Fill in the blanks accordingly:

1. Who:
2. What?
3. When?
4. Where
5. By whom?
6. Why (Political Motive)

Answer 27

1. Archduke Francis Ferdinand
2. Assassinstion
3. 28th June 1914
4. Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia
5. A secret society formed by extremist Serbian nationalists called ‘Black Hand’ or ‘Union of death.’
6. The society aimed to unite all Serbian into a single Serbian State.

Question 28

How did Austria react to the Sarajevo crisis and how did Serbia respond?

Answer 28

Austria served in ultimarum on Serbia on July 23 making 11 demands. Serbia accepted most of the demands accept the ones which would have led to the loss of her Sovereignty.

Question 29

On which date did Austria declare War on Serbia?

Answer 29

Austria declared War on Serbia on 28 July 1914.

Question 30

On what all fronts was World War 1 fought?

Answer 30

Western Front: Germany and N. France

Eastern Front: Germany and Russian Forces

At sea & middle east : Allied Powers attacked the Ottoman Empire.

Question 31

What was the peace Treaty signed after the first world war called? Why?

Answer 31

The victorious powers or the alliea met in a conference first in a suburb of Paris in Versailles and later in Paris. As a result of the discussions at the paris conference the Treaty signed was known as the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 32

How many countries attended the conference that decided the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Who was excluded?

Answer 32

27

The defeated countries were not represented at the conference and Russia too was excluded.

Question 33

When was the Paris conference to decide the terms of the Treaty of Versailles held?

Answer 33

January to June 28, 1919

Question 34

Who were the personalities who played a key role in deciding the terms of the peace Treaty?

Answer 34

Woodrow Wilson President of the United States, Lloyd George Prime Minister of Britain and George Clemenceau prime minister of France.

Question 35

On what day was the Treaty signed?

Answer 35

28 June 1919

Question 36

What was the basis of the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 36

Woodrow Wilson 14 points

Question 37

What was the main purpose of the Treaty?

Answer 37

The main purpose of the Treaty was to prevent Germany from going to war again.

Question 38

How did France benefit from the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 38

• According to the terms of the Treaty Germany had to supply huge quantities of coal to France for 10 years.
• Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France.
• Germany had to cede parts of her pre war territory to France.
• The coal mines in the German area called Saar was ceded to France for 15 years.

Question 39

How did Belgium benefit from the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 39

• The Treaty affirmed the complete Independence of Belgium.
• Germany had to supply huge quantities of coal to Belgium for 10 years.
• Germany lost Eupen-et-Malmedy to Belgium.
• Germany ceded parts of a pre war territory to Belgium.
• Germany lost all her Colony to the victorious allies of which Belgium was one.

Question 40

How did Poland benefit from the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 40

• The Treaty affirmed the complete independence of Poland.
• Danzing became a free port in the polish territory.
• Germany ceded parts of a pre war territory to Poland.

Question 41

How did Denmark benefit from the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 41

• Germany lost Schleswig to Denmark.
• Germany ceded parts of her pre war territory to Denmark.

Question 42

How was Japan and China affected by the Treaty?

Answer 42

German colonies in the Pacific and the areas under her control and China were given away to Japan though China had been aligned with the allies during the war.

Question 43

Which country got complete Independence according to the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 43

• Yugoslavia
• Poland
• Belgium
• Czechoslovakia

Question 44

What were the economic and military sanctions against Germany in the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 44

1. Germany was declared guilty of aggression.
2. Germany was required to pay for the loss and damages suffered by the Allied during the war.
3. The amount of reparations was fixed at 33 billion dollars.
4. Germany had to cede her merchant ships to the Allies as compensation.
5. Had to supply huge quantities of coal to France, Italy and Belgium for 10 years.
6. The area of the Rhine Valley was to be De-militerised and the German territory west of Rhine was to be occupied by the Allied troops for 15 years.
7. The German Army was restricted to a force of 1 lakh soldiers and the Navy was limited to 15000 men and 24 ships. Air forces and submarines were banned.

Question 45

What was the three major ruling dynasty’s which were dissolved after the war?

Answer 45

1. Romanov in Russia
2. Hohenzollern in Germany
3. Hapsburg in Austria-Hungary

Question 46

Give examples of independent States having distinct cultures which emerged after the war

Answer 46

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

Question 47

Why was the League of Nations created?

Answer 47

The League of Nations was created in response to the horrors of World War I, as world leaders recognized the need for a mechanism to prevent future wars and promote international cooperation. It was established as part of the peace treaties and included in Wilson’s 14 points, aiming to preserve peace and guarantee the independence of all states.

Question 48

What were the main aims and objectives of the League of Nations?

Answer 48

The League of Nations aimed to:
1. Prohibit states from entering into secret treaties and alliances.
2. Prevent member states from maintaining large armies, warships, and destructive armaments.
3. Ensure all states respected each other’s independence.
4. Require states to refer mutual disputes to the League for peaceful resolution.
5. Direct member states to take action against any state disturbing world peace and order.

Question 49

Why did the League of Nations fail

Answer 49

The League of Nations failed due to several factors:
1. Key countries like Germany and the Soviet Union were excluded from membership for many years.
2. The United States, despite its significant role in establishing the League, ultimately chose not to join.
3. The rise of dictatorships in Italy and Germany weakened the League’s authority.
4. The League was unable to prevent aggressive actions by member states, such as Hitler’s invasion of Poland, which triggered World War II.