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ICSE class X History > World War 1 > Flashcards

World War 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define nationalism

A

Nationalism refers to the sense of unity felt by the people who share a common history, language, and culture.

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2
Q

Define aggressive nationalism

A

Aggressive nationalism meant love for one own country and hatred of other countries.

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3
Q

How did aggressive nationalism develop from nationalism?

A
  • Nationalism refers to the sense of Unity felt by the people who share a common language, history and culture.
  • In the latter half of the 19th Century this feeling of unity turned into extreme Pride. This gave many people a feeling of superiority over other countries and lead to the development of aggressive Nationalism in Europe.
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4
Q

France wanted the territory of ___ from ___

A

Alsace and Lorraine, Germany

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5
Q

Italy wanted ___ from ___

A

Trentino Trieste, Austria-Hungary

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6
Q

Why did Balkan states like Serbia develop expansionist policies?

A

The Balkan states like Serbia wanted that their fellow national (Slavs) who lived in other state should come together to form a greater Balkan state.
Hence these countries developed expansionist policies in the name of nationalism.

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7
Q

How did military stand becomes synonymous with National Prestige? briefly answer.

A
  • In the letter half of the 19th Century the feeling of Unity turned into extreme Pride with gave many people a sense of superiority over other countries this lead to aggressive nationalism.
  • Countries like France Serbia and Italy wanted to get back the territory even if it was at the expense of another country. This lead to the development of expansion is policies in the name of nationalism.
  • Hence military strength became synonymous which national Prestige and every country began to increase her military power.
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8
Q

Define imperialism

A

Imperialism refers to the state policy or practice by which a powerful Nation established its control over another country either by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control.

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9
Q

How were the colonies governed?

A

The colonies for governed and administered by the Imperial Nations through a representative or a puppet government.`

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10
Q

Explain briefly how aggressive nationalism lead to imperialism

A
  • Aggressive nationalism made countries prioritize their own interest in view the other countries as Rivals leading to intense competition.
  • The intense competition pushed Nations to assert dominance and expanded territories to military force..
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11
Q

What are the features of imperialism?

A
  • Imperialism involved powerful Nations conquering and governing colonies to exploit the resources for economic gain
  • colonies were governed by representative of Puppet government providing raw materials labour and strategic location
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12
Q

State the focus, the colonies and the source of powe the British imperialism.

A

Focus: maintaining and expanding trade by exploiting the resources of its colonies.

Colonies: India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Egypt, South Africa Caribbean islands etc

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13
Q

How did having colonies benefit the imperialists?

A
  • Colonies benefited the imperialists by:
    1. Providing raw material
    1. Cheap labour
    2. Agriculture land
    3. Trading port
      Which support Ed the economic interest of the Imperialist Nations
  • colonies served as markets if finish good and hanting trade and wealth
  • Prestige
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14
Q

Why did other countries want to build colonies?

A

Other countries like Germany Italy Russia and Japan sought colonies for raw materials market for the products and to enhance the power and Prestige.

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15
Q

How did aggressive nationalism and imperialism contribute to the race for armaments?

A
  • Aggressive nationalism and imperialism lead to fierce economic competition and filled the atmosphere with mutual hatred and international tension.
  • This lead the people to be convince that International problems can only be solved by militarism. This ideology contributed to the race for armaments.
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16
Q

Which war lead to the mad Race for armaments?

A

Franco Prussian war of 1870

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17
Q

Why did major powers begin stock piling armaments? How did it influence the other countries?

A

The major powers began stock piling armament in the name of self defence and preservation of peace.

The other countries felt threatened and were pressure to do the same. This created an atmosphere of mutual hated fear and apprehension.

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18
Q

How did Germany react to the race for armaments?

A
  1. In response to the mad Race for a moment Germany started building a large Navy to achieve parity with Britain and protect its colonies in Africa and Pacific Islands.
  2. It built the largest ship the imperator in 1912..
  3. Germany dug the Kiel canal deeper to allow battleships to enter the waters.
  4. It left Britain and France far behind in the production of iron and steel.
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19
Q

How did Germany’s progress in the race for armaments affect other major powers?

A
  • Britain and France were concerned with Germany’s growing military strength.
  • This lead to a fierce competition among the European countries and contributed to the race for armaments.
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20
Q

What were the two kinds of states in Europe in the early 20th century?

A

Single Nation states and Imperial States

21
Q

Give the characteristics as well as examples of the two different kinds of states that existed in the Europe in the early 20th century.

A
  • Single Nation states single Nation states are the countries which are characterized by common language culture tradition and a national identity. examples are from Holland and Germany.
22
Q

What are the characteristics of Imperial states+

A

Imperial states are characterized by multi ethnic cultures they are ruled by a single dynasty they have different languages and cultural. (iand traditional differences.

Examples Austria Hungarian Empire Russian Empire

23
Q

Which countries form the triple alliance and when?

A

Germany, Austria hungry and Italy form the triple alliance in 1882

24
Q

How did the triple entente form and who were its members?

A

After bismarks death France established friendly relations with Russian England forming the triple entenge in 1907. later Japan joined the alliance

25
Q

Why were there rivalries between Nations created?

A
  • Scramble for Colonies: Britain’s last Empire was created by acquiring colonies in Asian Africa. It brought rich is from successes in trade in foreign resources market territories in people. Hence other countries like USA Netherlands and Italy to Wanted colonies and this led to scramble for Colony.
  • Colonial trade and trade route as well created suspicion and tension.
26
Q

What was the immediate cause of the world War?

A

The Sarajevo Crisi

27
Q

What was the event that culminated finally into the first world war? Fill in the blanks accordingly:

  1. Who:
  2. What?
  3. When?
  4. Where
  5. By whom?
  6. Why (Political Motive)
A
  1. Archduke Francis Ferdinand
  2. Assassinstion
  3. 28th June 1914
  4. Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia
  5. A secret society formed by extremist Serbian nationalists called ‘Black Hand’ or ‘Union of death.’
  6. The society aimed to unite all Serbian into a single Serbian State.
28
Q

How did Austria react to the Sarajevo crisis and how did Serbia respond?

A

Austria served in ultimarum on Serbia on July 23 making 11 demands. Serbia accepted most of the demands accept the ones which would have led to the loss of her Sovereignty.

29
Q

On which date did Austria declare War on Serbia?

A

Austria declared War on Serbia on 28 July 1914.

30
Q

On what all fronts was World War 1 fought?

A

Western Front: Germany and N. France

Eastern Front: Germany and Russian Forces

At sea & middle east : Allied Powers attacked the Ottoman Empire.

31
Q

What was the peace Treaty signed after the first world war called? Why?

A

The victorious powers or the alliea met in a conference first in a suburb of Paris in Versailles and later in Paris. As a result of the discussions at the paris conference the Treaty signed was known as the Treaty of Versailles.

32
Q

How many countries attended the conference that decided the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Who was excluded?

A

27

The defeated countries were not represented at the conference and Russia too was excluded.

33
Q

When was the Paris conference to decide the terms of the Treaty of Versailles held?

A

January to June 28, 1919

34
Q

Who were the personalities who played a key role in deciding the terms of the peace Treaty?

A

Woodrow Wilson President of the United States, Lloyd George Prime Minister of Britain and George Clemenceau prime minister of France.

35
Q

On what day was the Treaty signed?

A

28 June 1919

36
Q

What was the basis of the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Woodrow Wilson 14 points

37
Q

What was the main purpose of the Treaty?

A

The main purpose of the Treaty was to prevent Germany from going to war again.

38
Q

How did France benefit from the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • According to the terms of the Treaty Germany had to supply huge quantities of coal to France for 10 years.
  • Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France.
  • Germany had to cede parts of her pre war territory to France.
  • The coal mines in the German area called Saar was ceded to France for 15 years.
39
Q

How did Belgium benefit from the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • The Treaty affirmed the complete Independence of Belgium.
  • Germany had to supply huge quantities of coal to Belgium for 10 years.
  • Germany lost Eupen-et-Malmedy to Belgium.
  • Germany ceded parts of a pre war territory to Belgium.
  • Germany lost all her Colony to the victorious allies of which Belgium was one.
40
Q

How did Poland benefit from the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • The Treaty affirmed the complete independence of Poland.
  • Danzing became a free port in the polish territory.
  • Germany ceded parts of a pre war territory to Poland.
41
Q

How did Denmark benefit from the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • Germany lost Schleswig to Denmark.
  • Germany ceded parts of her pre war territory to Denmark.
42
Q

How was Japan and China affected by the Treaty?

A

German colonies in the Pacific and the areas under her control and China were given away to Japan though China had been aligned with the allies during the war.

43
Q

Which country got complete Independence according to the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • Yugoslavia
  • Poland
  • Belgium
  • Czechoslovakia
44
Q

What were the economic and military sanctions against Germany in the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  1. Germany was declared guilty of aggression.
  2. Germany was required to pay for the loss and damages suffered by the Allied during the war.
  3. The amount of reparations was fixed at 33 billion dollars.
  4. Germany had to cede her merchant ships to the Allies as compensation.
  5. Had to supply huge quantities of coal to France, Italy and Belgium for 10 years.
  6. The area of the Rhine Valley was to be De-militerised and the German territory west of Rhine was to be occupied by the Allied troops for 15 years.
  7. The German Army was restricted to a force of 1 lakh soldiers and the Navy was limited to 15000 men and 24 ships. Air forces and submarines were banned.
45
Q

What was the three major ruling dynasty’s which were dissolved after the war?

A
  1. Romanov in Russia
  2. Hohenzollern in Germany
  3. Hapsburg in Austria-Hungary
46
Q

Give examples of independent States having distinct cultures which emerged after the war

A

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

47
Q

Why was the League of Nations created?

A

The League of Nations was created in response to the horrors of World War I, as world leaders recognized the need for a mechanism to prevent future wars and promote international cooperation. It was established as part of the peace treaties and included in Wilson’s 14 points, aiming to preserve peace and guarantee the independence of all states.

48
Q

What were the main aims and objectives of the League of Nations?

A

The League of Nations aimed to:
1. Prohibit states from entering into secret treaties and alliances.
2. Prevent member states from maintaining large armies, warships, and destructive armaments.
3. Ensure all states respected each other’s independence.
4. Require states to refer mutual disputes to the League for peaceful resolution.
5. Direct member states to take action against any state disturbing world peace and order.

49
Q

Why did the League of Nations fail

A

The League of Nations failed due to several factors:
1. Key countries like Germany and the Soviet Union were excluded from membership for many years.
2. The United States, despite its significant role in establishing the League, ultimately chose not to join.
3. The rise of dictatorships in Italy and Germany weakened the League’s authority.
4. The League was unable to prevent aggressive actions by member states, such as Hitler’s invasion of Poland, which triggered World War II.

ICSE class X History (2 decks)

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