Rise Of dictatorship Flashcards
Origin of the word Fascism
Derived from the Italian word Fascio meaning Union or League.
What was the logo of the facists? What was it symbolism?
Logo was a bundle of sticks tied to an axe
The logo symbolised Civic Unity and the authority of Roman officials to punish wrongdoers.
Define Fascism
Fascism means autocracy or dictatorship where the power of the state is vested in one man only and it is obligatory for all others to obey his orders.
What were the features of Fascism?
Fascism had the following features. It was an intensely
- nationalistic
- anti communistic
-anti democratic
movement
It’s a model to dictatorial regimes in Italy and Germany.
What were the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism?
- totalitarian rule
- Despise democracy
- state is supreme
- state could suppress freedom and rights of an individual
- uphold one party, one leader
- aggressive nationalism
- Imperialism
- War as an instrument for furthering national interests.
- intensive nationalism
- anti-communist
- anti-democratic
Explain how the treaty of versailles led to the rise of Nazism?
- Germany was forced to cede large chunks of her territory to France, Belgium, Poland and Denmark.
- Her colonies were seized by the allies and divided among themselves
- Germany was forced to pay $33 billion as war indemnity.
- German army was restricted to 1 lakh soldiers.
- This made the Germans feel humiliated and helpless which was e exploited by Hitter.
Explain how the treaty of versailles led to the rise of fascism in Italy.
- Italy joined the allies in the hope of getting territory of Turkey and Germany.
- Due to treaty, Italy only got Southern Tyrol and Trentino, and the coastal regions of Dalmatia.
- It got no part of the German and Turkish colonial empire.
Explain economic crisis as cause of the rise of fascism in Italy.
- Italy suffered heavy loss of life and property.
- many soldiers became unemployed
- Trade and commerce was ruined.
- There was large scale unemployment.
- There was a shortage of foodgrains.
How did Economic crisis lead to the growing popularity of Nazism?
- Germany suffered in agricultural production colonies foreign investments, trade, contracts, etc.
- Foreign coutures raised tariffs against German goods.
- unemployment increased.
- Farmers were drowning in debt.
Hitler won over an industrialist by telling them that industries would not be nationalised.
The Nazis promised an end to economic misery if they abided by their ideology.
How did the threat of communism influence the popularity of fascism?
- communists inflamed the atmosphere with revolutionary ideas
- they began to devise new plans of over throwing the govt. and capturing power.
- Industrialists viewed the growing strength of the labour union with alarm and consequently provided financial support to fascism
Explain the threat of socialism/communism as a factor for Rise of Nazism.
- After the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, communist influence increased considerably in Germany.
- communists got no. of seats in Reichstag.
- Hitler warned people that communism would be like becoming servants of Russian Communists.
- He tried to persuade people that only Nazism could keep communists in check.
Failure of League of Nations
- It proved weak & failed to achieve its aims
- failed to keep a check on the rise of dictatorship.
How did Mussolini’s charisma lead to popularity of fascism in Italy?
- Mussolini had a charismatic personality
- his speeches praised the past glories of Italy & won the faith of his countrymen.
- Mussolini was called ‘Duce’ meaning the leader.
How was Hitler’s charisma factor influencing the growth of Nationalism?
- Hitler had all the qualities of a popular leader: He was a shrewd politician, brave soldier, knew the art of moulding public opinion in his favour and was a gifted orator, gave emotional speeches.
- He told the Germans what they wanted to hear : the betrayal by Treaty of versailles & the Jewish-communist plot to conquer the world.
- Assured Germans abiding by Nazi ideology would end economic misery.
write a short note on pre-fascist political instability in Italy:
- Elections failed to give a clear majority.
- There was complete political instability between 1919 and 1922. Six different coalition govt. were formed.
- Different parties had different ideologies, there was no continuity in policies.
- The govt. were unable to deal with unemployment, strikes, and riots that took place.
