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world questions Flashcards

1
Q

polyarteritis nodosa

(PAN)

A
  • panmural inflammation of the arterial wall

sx: months of fever, weight loss, muscle joint pain due to cytokines

associated with hep B
-commonly see occlusion of renal arteries and oi abdominal artery aneurysms

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2
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia

cause, presentation, diagnosis

A
  • non-inflammatory, nonatherosclerotic condition that affects small medium arteries and results in ischemia

*Renal artery stenosis (normally bilateral)
- secondary htn, abdominal bruit, flank abdominal pain, CKD

*cerebrovascular
-HA, neck pain, cervical bruit, tinnitus
-TIA, stroke, horners, amaurosis fugax

Diagnosis: string of Beads
-duplex ultrasonography, CT angio
-digital subtraction angiography

  • see renal infarction, but don’t see months of constitutional symptoms ie fever, weight loss, muscle joint pai,n
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3
Q

ADR of erythrocyte stimulating agent
onset: 2-8wks of starting

A

worsening hypertension due to systemic vasoconstriction

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4
Q

hypercalcemia can be caused by what electrolyte deficiency?

A

hypomagnesemia

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5
Q

reflex change you would see with brain death

A

-deep tendon reflexes

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6
Q

cause?

A

herpes keratitis

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7
Q

meningitis vs encephalitis signs

A

meningitis- nuchal rigidity
neck stiffness

encephalitis: AMS, seizures

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8
Q

HSV encephalitis findings

A

increased lymphocytes
-behavioral changes, seizures
-temporal lobe damage on MRI

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9
Q

most common cause of b12 deficiency and increases risk for

A

pernicious anemia
- destruction of intrinsic factor receptors form gastric acid

gastric cancer

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10
Q

caused by?

with erythema nodosum, lymphadenopathy

-effects on electrolytes

A

sarcoidosis
GRUELING
Granuloma
aRthritis
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Lymphadenopathy
Interstitial fibrosis
Negative TB test
Gammaglobulinemia

-increases calcitriol, serum Ca, urinary Ca
-decreases PTH

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11
Q

Cause?

HIV patient

A

toxoplasmosis encephalitis

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12
Q

given to slow heart down for tacycardia

A
  • adenosine
  • vagal maenuver: carotid massage
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13
Q

amiodarone ADR

A

hypothyroidism hepatoceluar injury

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14
Q

pancreatic cyst management

A

endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy

if it has high risk features
- large size>3cm
- solid components or calcifications
- main pancreatic duct involvement
- thickened or irregular cyst wall

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15
Q

conn syndrome

A

aka primary aldosteronism

-hypokalemia + low plasma renin + elevated serum sodium bicarb (metabolic alkalosis)

save sodium, kick out potassium

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16
Q

Treatment for MAC and CD4 risk cutoff

A
  • CD4 <50/mm^3
  • macrolide + ethambutol
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17
Q

increased erythrocyte destruction results in inc/dec haptoglobin?

A

decreased

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18
Q

looks like MI ,but no signs of obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary angiography

A

stress-induced cardiomyopathy
- changes in precordial leads
-apical left ventricular ballooning

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19
Q

transverse myelitis

tx

A

inflammation of parts of spinal cord:
- motor weakness
-authonomic dysfunction
-sensory dysfunction (numbness with distinct sensory level)

steroids , plasmapheresis

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20
Q

murmur associated with infective endocarditis

A

mitral regurgitation

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

common causes of massive transaminitis in thousands

A

ischemic hepatic injury

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23
Q

urine osmolality
value when it is too dilute

A

<40

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24
Q

meds that cause SIADH

A

SSRI NSAIDS
carbamazepine

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25
Q

vasospastic angina, what is it and treatment?

A

heart pain that mimics MI, can wake person up from sleep or at rest,
will see ST elevations, but no sings of occlusion on CT angio

Tx: diltiazem

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26
Q

CXR with ring of calcification around heart + constrictive pericarditis

A

TB
cardiac surgery
viral pericarditis

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27
Q

cause?

A

bacillary angiomatosis

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28
Q

first line treatment for arterial claudication

A

low dose ASA + statin + exercise therapy

if it fails revascularization or

29
Q

symptoms of hyperaldosteronism

A

hypOkalemia
metabolic acidosis
hypertension

30
Q

High leukocute alkaline phosphatase (lap) score means

A

high number of mature
wbc,

31
Q

cardiovascular effects of marfans

A

aortic aneurysm ,

32
Q

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease increases risk for ?

cause?

A

cerebral aneurysm / intracranial bleed

cause:
gene mutation causes impaired vascular integrity + htn from kidney changes

33
Q

bronchiectasis

A

lots of mucis, chronic coughs, recurrent infections, blood tinged sputum

34
Q

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

A
  • autosomal dominant disorder where structural defects in vessel wall cause post-capillary venous pooling, arteriovenous shunting
  • recurrent epistaxis, telangiectasia, cyanosis,
35
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

genetic defect that causes RBS to lose GPI anchor protection, results in hemolysis

Features: excessive fatigue, jaundice , hemoglobinuria, vein thrombosis (hepatic), pancytopenia

36
Q

smoking related lung disease changes on XR presents as

A

ground glass infiltrates

37
Q

myasthenia crisis vs cholinergic syndrome

A

myasthenia crisis: tachycardia , normal pupils

otherwise both will have muscle weakness, sweating, dyspnea, that leads to respiratory failure

Tx: intubation, prednisone, plasma exchange

38
Q

peripheral vs central vertigo

A

central: postural instability, other ins symptoms ie weakness diplopia

  • not fatiguable and no latency period
39
Q

klinefelter

syndrome

A

xxy syndrome

-testicular dysgenesis results in testosterone deficiency

-testicular atrophy
-gynecomastia
-reduced facial hair
-tall stature with long extremities

40
Q

HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: HAND

  • how does it look on MRI?
  • RF
A

MRI: diffuse ventricular enlargement, brain atrophy, increased white matter intensity

41
Q
A

KAPOSIS SARCOMA
-common in someone who is immunosuppressed, organ transplant aids

42
Q

Steven johnson vs toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

SJS < 10% of body

ten > 30% of body

43
Q

myeloproliferative disorder

A

groups of diseases in which bone marrow makes too many ribs, abc, or platelets

44
Q

when do you treat hypercalcemia?

treatment?

A

when >14 or symptomatic
-NS + Calcitonin

-long term biphosphonate

45
Q

epidermolysis bullosa

A

genetic conditions that causes skin to become fragile & blister easily

46
Q

incidence vs prevalence

A

-incidence # of new changes, remains unchanged

-prevalence: number of total cases at a certain point in time,

cancer treatments that prolong survival will prolong prevalence but incidence will remain unchanged

47
Q

chronic epigastric pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward is most likely due to

  • eval method
A

pancreatitis- abdominal ct

48
Q

esophageal varice

px med

tx med

A

px: nonselective beta blocker

tx ocreotide

49
Q

HCM murmur vs aortic stenosis

A

both crescendo decrescendo murmur but HCM -brisk carotid/ peripheral pulse vs AS soft delayed peripheral pulse

50
Q

why are patients with pancreatic diabetes more susceuptible to hypoglycemia (9 DM from destruction of beta cells)

A

alpha cells of pancreas are destroyed too so they cannot make gglucagon when glycogen stores are depleted

51
Q

-condition that affects 2nd 3rd MCP joint, chondrocalcinosis on XR

onset <40yo

tx?

A

arthropathy of hereditary hemochromatosis

tx: NSAIDS, phlebotomy

52
Q

numbness and pain in 3rd and 4th toe, with clicking sensation when squeezinf the 3rd and 4th metatarsal joints together

A

morton neuroma

53
Q

organisms that cause urinary alkalinization and kidney stones

A

proteus and klebsiella

54
Q

asteristix can occur with

A

hypercapnia, uremia, and drug intoxication

55
Q

mixed cryoglobulinemia

A

associated with hepatitis C, glomerulonephritis

56
Q

when is transplant indicated for APAP overdose?

A
  • PT> 100 seconds, grade 3/4 hepatic encephalopathy, SCr > 3.4
57
Q

pericarditis

A

abnormal T waves, pleauritic chest pains

can be caused by uremia

58
Q

hydroxychloroquine ADR

A

retinopathy

h”eye”droxychloroquine

eye exam q5y

59
Q

criteria for extubation

A

-pH> 7.25
-PaO2 >/=60 on FiO2 </=40 and peep </=5
-intact inspiratory effort and sufficient
mental alertness to protect airway

60
Q

what treatment for graves worsens eye disease

A

radioactive iodine

61
Q

signs of lead poisoning

A

-microcytic anemia( basophilic stripping),
peripheral neuropathy, confusion
-htn, constipation
-nephrotoxicity, hyperuricemia

62
Q

adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell carcinoma

A

adenocarcinoma- occurs in periphery and more common in non-smokers ( a for abstinence)

  • SCC: central and smokers
63
Q

cause of joint effusion

A

gout: monosodium urate crystals

64
Q

osteoblastic lesions

associated with (cancer)?

A

sclerotic, focal lesion
normal-low Ca
high alkaline phosphatase

prostate cancer

65
Q

CKD induces bone changes

A

radiographic evidence of widespread osteopenia and subperiosteal bone turn over

66
Q

management of pancreatitis

A
  • hydration , pain control
  • get lipid panel (based on TG level )

0insuline infucsion or therapeutic plasma exchange

67
Q

what type of murmur is benigh

A

midsystolic murmur

68
Q

signs of epiglottitis

A

sore throat, laryngotracheal tenderness to palpation, fever

pooled oral secretions, respiratory compromise

IM (14 decks)

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