cardiology

Question 1

signs of HYPER kalemia on ECG

Answer 1

early sign: peaked t-waves
sine wave pattern , no p wave

Question 2

this x-ray shows? cause?
+ hepatosplenomegaly

Answer 2

reticulonodular opacities
- miliary TB

Question 3

CXR with ring of calcification around heart + constrictive pericarditis

Answer 3

TB
cardiac surgery
viral pericarditis

Question 4

HCM murmur vs aortic stenosis

Answer 4

both crescendo decrescendo murmur but HCM -brisk carotid/ peripheral pulse vs AS soft delayed peripheral pulse

Question 5

pericarditis

Answer 5

abnormal T waves, pleauritic chest pains

can be caused by uremia

Question 6

what type of murmur is benigh

Answer 6

midsystolic murmur

Question 7

when are statins indicated for primary prevention?

seondary prevention?

Answer 7

Question 8

afew months following MI, see same Q waves and st elevation in same leads + mitral mumur complicaiton is?

Answer 8

LV aneurysm

Question 9

type of rhytym and treatment

Answer 9

polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
(torsade de pointe)

-stop meds that prolong QT
-electrolytes: KMC K, Mg, Ca

Question 10

pulses paradoxus

Answer 10

when there is a drop in more than 10mmHG in SVP with inspiration, seen in cardiac tamponade

Question 11

brugada syndrome

Answer 11

autosomal dominant
- mutation of Na channel causes pseudo right bundle branch block
- ST elelemvation in v1. v1,
- prevent sudden cardiac death with nICD

Question 12

when to replace aortic valve for aortic stenos

Answer 12

> /= 1 of following:
LV ef<50%, symptomatic, under going other cardiac surgery

Question 13

RV MI

Answer 13

avoid meds that decrease preload ie nitrates and IV saline to healp increase BP

Question 14

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 14

drop in SBP by at least 20
drop in DBP by at least 10

• causes , hypovolemia, vasodilation, anemia, prolonged bed rest