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Biology > World History Test 1 > Flashcards

World History Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

1 System of writing used in ancient Egypt

A

(Hieroglyphics)

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2
Q

2 Belief in multiple gods

A

(Polytheism)

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3
Q

3 Pyramids in Mesopotamia

A

(Ziggurats)

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4
Q

4 Create a set of laws such as “an eye for an eye”

A

(Hammurabi’s Code)

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5
Q

5 This river had an Upper, Middle, Lower region

A

(Nile River)

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6
Q

6 Used as paper in ancient Egypt

A

(Papyrus)

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7
Q

7 Built as a burial site for Egyptian rulers

A

(Pyramids)

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8
Q

8 The area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

A

(Fertile Crescent)

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9
Q

9 One of the major civilizations of the Indus Valley

A

(Harappa)

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10
Q

10 A government system based on religion

A

(Theocracy)

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11
Q

A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state

A

(City-state)

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12
Q

Process of preserving a body

A

(Mummification)

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13
Q

When a ruler is passed down by birth

A

(Primogeniture)

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14
Q

The Indus River Valley had well-

A

(Planned Cities)

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15
Q

A mineral used in Chinese jewelry

A

(Jade)

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16
Q

Individuals have specialized jobs/roles in society

A

(Division of Labor)

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17
Q

One of the major rivers in China

A

(Yellow River)

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18
Q

The ruler of Egypt

A

(Pharaoh)

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19
Q

Mesopotamia was one of the first

A

civilization

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20
Q

egypt will be one of the first

A

civilization

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21
Q

Egypt will be one of the first

A

empires, unity, stability and cultural continuity

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22
Q

Egypt is in

A

africa

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23
Q

The Nile River is the

A

most important resource of egypt

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24
Q

The Nile river is used for

A

transportation, irrigation, defense, agriculture.

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25
Q

The Nile is the longest river in the world at

A

4,100 miles long

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26
Q

What is the most important resource in Egypt?

A

The Nile River.

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27
Q

Name four uses of the Nile River in ancient Egypt.

A

Transportation, irrigation, defense, agriculture.

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28
Q

How long is the Nile River?

A

4,100 miles long.

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29
Q

What did the yearly flooding of the Nile bring to Egypt?

A

Rich soil, which was left behind as the water receded.

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30
Q

How did the Egyptians view the Nile River in terms of religion?

A

They worshipped the Nile as a god.

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30
Q

How did the flooding of the Nile differ from that of Mesopotamia?

A

The Nile flooded predictably each year, unlike the unpredictable floods of Mesopotamia.

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31
Q

In what unique direction does the Nile River flow?

A

The Nile River flows north.

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32
Q

What surrounds the Nile Valley?

A

Sun-parched desert.

33
Q

What were the three disadvantages of the Nile River’s flooding?

A
  1. Less flooding led to starvation. 2. Excess flooding destroyed homes and property. 3. The desert limited habitable land.
34
Q

What geographical divisions existed in ancient Egypt?

A

Upper and Lower Egypt.

35
Q

What region south of Egypt was rich in gold and under Egypt’s control?

A

Nubia.

36
Q

Who united Upper and Lower Egypt into one empire in 3000 BC?

A

King Narmer.

37
Q

What artifact depicts Narmer’s unification of Egypt?

A

The Narmer Palette.

38
Q

What other name is Narmer sometimes known by?

A

The Scorpion King.

39
Q

What significant achievement is Narmer credited with in ancient Egyptian history?

A

He created the first Egyptian dynasty.

40
Q

How many dynasties did ancient Egypt have, and over how many years did they span?

A

31 dynasties over 2,600 years.

41
Q

What period is known as the “Old Kingdom” or “Age of Pyramids”?

A

2660-2180 B.C.

42
Q

What significant developments occurred during the Old Kingdom?

A

Many patterns for Egyptian civilization were established.

43
Q

When were most of the pyramids in Egypt built?

A

During the Old Kingdom period.

43
Q

Which pharaoh built the Step Pyramid?

A

Djoser.

44
Q

What is a pyramid in ancient Egyptian architecture?

A

An immense stone structure often built as a tomb.

45
Q

Which pharaoh built the Bent Pyramid?

A

Snefru.

46
Q

Which other pyramid did Snefru build?

A

The Red Pyramid.

47
Q

Who built the first of the Great Pyramids at Giza?

A

Khufu.

48
Q

How did Egyptian pharaohs rule?

A

Pharaohs ruled absolutely.

49
Q

What roles did pharaohs play in Egyptian society?

A

Pharaohs were central to culture, government, and religion.

50
Q

What type of government was established in ancient Egypt based on religious authority?

A

A theocracy.

51
Q

What does polytheistic mean?

A

Belief in many gods.

52
Q

Who were three important deities in ancient Egypt?

A

Re (sun god), Osiris (god of the dead), and Isis (goddess of the ideal mother and wife).

53
Q

What was the ancient Egyptian belief about the afterlife?

A

Egyptians believed in the afterlife and built burial chambers and tombs.

54
Q

What is mummification?

A

The embalming and drying of corpses to prevent decay.

55
Q

How did Egyptians write their texts?

A

Using hieroglyphics or carvings of symbols and pictographs.

56
Q

What did Egyptian symbols represent in their writing system?

A

Symbols stood for ideas instead of words.

57
Q

What writing surface did Egyptians invent?

A

Papyrus.

58
Q

What significant achievement did the Egyptians accomplish in history?

A

They built one of the first truly unique united empires on the planet.

59
Q

What were some key features of the Shang capital city at Anyang?

A

The city had a palace, temple, houses, workshops, and royal tombs with treasures.

60
Q

How was the Shang government structured?

A

Led by a powerful king with smaller kingdoms governed by relatives.

61
Q

What was the role of bronze in Shang military power?

A

Strengthened armies with weapons and tools, crucial for military dominance.

62
Q

What were the six social classes in Shang society?

A

King and relatives, nobles, artisans, traders, farmers, enslaved people.

63
Q

What were the roles and lifestyles of Shang artisans?

A

Artisans created weapons and ceremonial objects and had higher status than farmers.

64
Q

What was the status of farmers in Shang society?

A

Farmers were the largest class, worked the land, and gave most produce to nobles.

65
Q

What were the roles and status of enslaved people in Shang society?

A

Enslaved people were at the bottom, building tombs and palaces, and sometimes sacrificed.

66
Q

What was the focus of Shang religion?

A

Ancestor worship with offerings and human sacrifices.

66
Q

How did the Shang use oracle bones in their religious practices?

A

To seek advice by interpreting cracks formed by heating and inscribing messages.

67
Q

What are some characteristics of Shang writing?

A

Included pictographs and logographs; some characters combined to form new meanings.

68
Q

How did written language benefit the Shang Dynasty?

A

Helped unify the Chinese people and advance sciences.

69
Q

What types of designs were common in Shang bronze art?

A

Geometric designs and mythical creatures, including taotie masks.

70
Q

What does the taotie mask typically depict?

A

Features like the horns of an ox, ears of an elephant, or the eye of a man.

71
Q

What materials did Shang artisans use for art, and their symbolic qualities?

A

Bronze (for durability) and jade (symbolizing wisdom and kindness).

72
Q

Why was bronze technology important to the Shang Dynasty?

A

Crucial for making tools of war and maintaining power.

73
Q

What factors contributed to the decline of the Shang Dynasty?

A

Warfare, extravagant spending, and possible corruption.

74
Q

How did the Shang Dynasty end?

A

How did the Shang Dynasty end?

75
Q

How did the Shang Dynasty end?

A

Overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty around 1045 B.C.E. Legend says the last Shang king fled and threw himself into flames.

76
Q

What was the role of cowrie shells in Shang society?

A

Used as money and valued for their rarity.

77
Q

What is the time period referred to as “prehistory”?

A

The time before the invention of writing.

78
Q

What are artifacts?

A

Human-made objects like tools and jewelry.

79
Q

What challenges does prehistory pose for scientists?

A

Lack of written records leaves more questions than answers.

Biology (6 decks)

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