Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biology Test 2 > Flashcards

Biology Test 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What led to the discovery of cells?

A

The invention of the microscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two broad groups of cell types?

A

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the cell theory summarize?

A

The cell theory summarizes three principles about cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the plasma membrane help to maintain?

A

The plasma membrane helps to maintain a cell’s homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What property of the plasma membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell?

A

Selective permeability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the plasma membrane made up of?

A

Two layers of phospholipid molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What aids the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Cholesterol and transport proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What model describes the plasma membrane?

A

The fluid mosaic model.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do eukaryotic cells contain that allows for specialization and separation of functions?

A

Membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are proteins synthesized?

A

Ribosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the powerhouses of cells?

A

Mitochondria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

A

Plant and animal cells contain many of the same organelles, but some are unique to either plant cells or animal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do cells maintain homeostasis?

A

Using passive and active transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Back: Concentration, temperature, and pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What processes move large molecules into and out of the cell?

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of solutions cells must maintain homeostasis in?

A

Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell:

A

The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cell Theory:

A

A fundamental theory in biology stating that all living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plasma Membrane:

A

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Eukaryotic Cell:

A

A cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nucleus

A

The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell’s genetic material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

A cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Organelle:

A

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Selective Permeability:

A

The property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control which substances enter and leave the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer:

A

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the plasma membrane, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Transport Protein:

A

Proteins in the plasma membrane that help move substances across the membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model:

A

The model that describes the plasma membrane as a dynamic and flexible structure with various proteins floating in or on the fluid lipid bilayer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cytoplasm:

A

The jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains all organelles and cell parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cytoskeleton:

A

A network of protein fibers and tubules in the cytoplasm that provides structural support and shape to the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Nucleolus:

A

The dense, spherical structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

A

A network of membranes within the cell that is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. It comes in two forms: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes).

31
Q

Ribosome:

A

The cellular structure where protein synthesis occurs.

32
Q

Golgi Apparatus:

A

An organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

33
Q

Vacuole:

A

A membrane-bound organelle that stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

34
Q

Centriole:

A

A cylindrical organelle involved in cell division in animal cells.

35
Q

Lysosome:

A

An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

36
Q

Chloroplast:

A

The organelle in plant cells that conducts photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

37
Q

Mitochondrion:

A

The organelle that produces ATP, the cell’s main energy currency, through cellular respiration.

38
Q

Cell Wall:

A

A rigid outer layer of a plant cell that provides structural support and protection.

39
Q

Cilium:

A

A short, hair-like projection from the cell surface that helps in movement and sensing the environment.

40
Q

Flagellum:

A

A long, whip-like structure that enables a cell to move.

41
Q

Diffusion:

A

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

42
Q

Facilitated Diffusion:

A

The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

43
Q

Active Transport:

A

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

43
Q

Osmosis:

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

44
Q

Hypertonic Solution:

A

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing the cell to lose water.

45
Q

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
“Father of Microspy”

A

Discovery- Small organisms-“animolecules” + bacteria in 1673-1676.

46
Q

Robert Hooke
“English Father of Microscopy”

A

Discovery- Observed tree cork and coined the terms cells, he called what he observed “tiny rooms in 1665.

47
Q

Matthias Schleiden
“German Botanist”

A

All plants are made of cells, in 1838.

48
Q

Theodore Schwann
“German zoologist”

A

Discovery- all animals are made of cells, in 1839.

49
Q

Rudolph Virchow
“Father of Pathology”

A

Discovery- all living cells come from other living cells, in 1855.

50
Q

The Cell is the basic unit of

A

organization of living things.

51
Q

All living things are composed of

A

1 or more cells.

52
Q

All cells come from

A

pre-existing cells.

53
Q

Cells the building blocks of all

A

living things.

54
Q

Prokaryotic cells have

A
  1. Single cells- unicellular.
  2. Contain circular DNA, DNA floats around in the center of cell.
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Cell membranes
55
Q

Eukaryotic cells have

A
  1. Complex, larger cells, most are multi celled.
  2. Have a nucleus, with Dna is enclosed inside the nucleus.
  3. Have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, chlorplast.
56
Q

What are made of eukaryotic cells?

A

protists, amoeba, paramecium, fungi, plants, animals.

57
Q

What are organelles

A

“tiny organs” inside, cells; each with their own function to help the organism survive.

58
Q

Why are some organelles called “Membranes-bound organelles? Which organelles?

A

Some organelles have a protective layer around them.

59
Q

All cells have

A

a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and ribosomes.

60
Q

Where is the DNA found in the plant cell?

A

Nucleus and Chloroplast

61
Q

Evolution of the Eurkaryotic Cell: Where is the DNA found in an animal cell:

A

Nucleus and Mitochondria

62
Q

When did the first prokaryotic cell evolve

A

3.6 billion years ago.

63
Q

Some of the bacteria were

A

aerobic meaning they did not use oxygen to make energy.

64
Q

Aerobic

A

did not oxygen to make energy.

65
Q

Other bacteria were called cyanobacteria

A

and were able to photosynthesize.

66
Q

The theory states that aerobic prokaryoytes and cyanobacteria were

A

engulfed by larger cells.

67
Q

Eukaryotic cells evolved about

A

2 billion years ago.

68
Q

The larger host cell benefited from the new way of

A

transforming and the bacteria benefited from the host.

69
Q

The DNA is mitochondria and chloroplast is unique to

A

that of the host cells nuclear DNA.

70
Q

This unique DNA resembles more closely that of

A

Prokaryotic DNA.

70
Q

When the host cell divides the mitochondria and chloroplasts must

A

also divide, but by using thier unique DNA as a template.

71
Q

Mitochondria reproduce the same way that

A

prokaryotic cells do through “Binary Fission”

72
Q

DNA is

A

circular like prokaryotes.

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions