Biology Test 1 Flashcards
What is a catalyst?
Is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of energy needed to start that reaction.
What is an enzyme?
An organic catalyst, it is a protein.
What is the active site and what is its job?
The active site is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate, the active site is the same as the keyhole of the lock.
What is a substrate?
Is the biological molecule that the enzyme will work on.
What is a substrate?
Is the biological molecule that the enzyme will work on.
What is the product?
When enzyme lets go, it returns the o normal, ready to do another reaction, the substrate is no longer called substrate it’s called product the products.
Explain how an enzyme works?
Enzymes complete very specific tasks, they are very specific locks and the compounds they work with are specific keys.
What is denaturing and what causes it to occur?
a process that breaks down the structure of proteins or nucleic acids, causing them to lose their folded structure. This can happen when proteins are exposed to external factors, like Heat and acids.
What are four things that affect how enzymes work ?
temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators
How can a lock and key explain an enzyme?
Enzymes work just like a key. They complete very specific tasks and nothing else.
Enzymes act only on very specific substrates because
they have an active site with specific requirements for the substrate that binds to it.
Enzymes are proteins that
Speed up chemical reactions very and are important for chemical reactions to occur.
Chemical reactions happen by
breaking and forming bonds that require energy (including hydrolysis and dehydration reactions).
Activation energy is
The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Enzymes are catalyst meaning they
Speed up reactions by reducing, the activation energy required to start the reaction. During this process enzymes are not changed.
Enzyme steps
- The substrate (reactants) binds to the enzymes active site.
- Reaction happens making or breaking bonds.
- The product is released from the enzyme is not changed and can be used again.
Substrate bind to
an active site.
Enzyme facilitates
Reaction.
Enzyme releases
Product.
Enzymes lower to the
Activation energy required for a reaction. This is like a hill you must climb before you can doll down.
Enzymes are very specific like a key to a lock.
Enzyme shape is an essential to its function.
When an enzyme loses its shape it is
No longer able to do its job.
Enzymes temperature will increase the
Rate of a reaction until the temperature is too high and denatures the enzyme.
PH that is too high or too low will
Cause an enzyme to denature.
Inhibitors
Inhibitors can bind to an enzyme and prevent the substrate from properly binding.
Enzymes are the biological substance (proteins) that
Act as a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of energy needed to start that reaction. This is called lowering the activation energy.
Activation energy can be thought of as a hill that must be gotten over. When a catalyst acts, it
Lowers the energy required to get over the hill and the reaction can proceed. An enzyme is an organic catalyst meaning that it is a protein that catalyzes reactions in living organisms.
Most reactions in the body
Requires enzymes.
Enzymes complete very specific
Job’s and do nothing else.
1) An enzyme and a SUBSTRATE are
in the same area.
The substrate is the
biological molecule that the enzyme will work on.
(2)The enzyme grabs onto
the substrate with a special area called the ACTIVE SITE.
The active site is a
specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate. The active site is the keyhole of the lock.
Catalysis is when the
substrate is changed. It could be broken down or combined with another molecule to make something new.
When the enzyme lets go, it
returns to normal, ready to do another reaction.
The substrate is no longer the same. The substrate is now called the PRODUCT or products.
Enzymes sometimes need to be controlled when
done with their function. Other times they are controlled because of poisons.
DENATURING occurs when the control changes
the enzymes shape.
Proteins change shape (denature) as temperatures
change. Because so much of an enzyme’s activity is based on its shape, temperature changes can mess up the process and the enzyme won’t work.
Sometimes you need an enzyme to work faster and your body creates
an activator.
Activators make enzymes work
harder and faster. Activators can help the enzyme bind to the substrate