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World Geography Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Prince Henry of Portugal was better known by this name.

A

Henry the Navigator

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2
Q

After establishing trade relations throughout the continent of Africa, The Portuguese gave this nickname to the continent’s western coast

A

The Gold Coast

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3
Q

By 1500, this Portuguese capital had become the trading center of Europe

A

Lisbon

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4
Q

Christopher Columbus was a native of this country

A

Italy

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5
Q

Christopher Columbus’s most famous voyages were made for this country

A

Spain

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6
Q

What was the name that many Europeans in the 1400s called the seemingly never-ending expanse of water that was West of the continent?

A

Ocean sea

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7
Q

Why was Portugal so interested in finding new routes to China/India?

A

There was not port in the Mediterranean Sea, so they wanted a better route to China/India so they could obtain more goods

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8
Q

What were two reasons why Columbus was able to convince Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand to finance his trip west to find a shortcut to the East Indies?

A
  1. Columbus promised he would spread Christianity

2. If Columbus was successful, Spain would become very wealthy

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9
Q

What was the name of Columbus’s largest ship?

A

Santa Maria

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10
Q

What island did Columbus actually discover?

A

San Salvador

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11
Q

What is a sect?

A

A religious group that has broken away from an established church

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12
Q

What is The Prince?

A

Book that detailed how to gain and keep power and stressed that the ends justified the means

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13
Q

What is theocracy?

A

A government run by religious leaders

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14
Q

What is Patron?

A

A financial supporter of the arts

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15
Q

What is indulgences?

A

Money paid to the church to lessen a person’s time in purgatory

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16
Q

What is heliocentric?

A

The theory that they sun was the center of the universe and the Earth revolved around the sun

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17
Q

What is Utopia?

A

A perfect, ideal society

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18
Q

What is The Book of Courtier?

A

Book that describes the Ideal Man

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19
Q

What is Ghetto?

A

Separate sections of cities where usually only one ethnic group lives

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20
Q

What is Renaissance?

A

A cultural awakening or rebirth

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21
Q

What were a part of Humanities?

A

Grammar, Rhetoric, History NOT SCIENCE

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22
Q

Renaissance art reflected the humanist interest in

A

Individual achievement

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23
Q

Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists

A

Used Greek and Roman writings to understand their own culture

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24
Q

Martin Luther was outraged over the selling of indulgences because

A

Popes had no authority to say when people could get into heaven

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25
Q

Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because

A

Infants are too young to accept the Christian faith

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26
Q

What was the Elizabethan settlement?

A

A compromise in the Catholic and Protestant faiths in England

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27
Q

Who stated, “I think, therefore I am”?

A

Rene Descartes

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28
Q

Which of the following was allowed according to Martin Luther’s teachings?

A

Allowing clergy to marry

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29
Q

Which was NOT an effect of the invention of the Printing Press?

A

Increased Illiteracy

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30
Q

The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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31
Q

The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that

A

The planets move around the sun in oval orbits

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32
Q

What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England (Anglican Church)?

A

Henry VIII wanted a divorce

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33
Q

What officially made Henry VIII the head of the Church of England (Anglican Church)?

A

The Acts of Supremacy

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34
Q

Today’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious ancestry to the

A

Anabaptists

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35
Q

What were the 95 Theses?

A

It was a list of arguments against the sale of indulgences

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36
Q

Which was NOT an example of religious intolerance between 1450 and 1750?

A

Allowing religious sects similar to Christianity, such as Anabaptists

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37
Q

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a

A

Possible explanation to be tested

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38
Q

How did Martin Luther react when peasant rebels took up his banner as a means of bringing about social change in Germany?

A

He denounced the peasants, and the rebellion was suppressed

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39
Q

Following the rise of Protestantism, this group met to oversee Catholic reform

A

The Council of Trent

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40
Q

Sir Isaac Newton was instrumental in the formation of this subject in mathematics

A

Calculus

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41
Q

What is Divine Right?

A

Authority to rule was given directly from God

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42
Q

What is Armada?

A

Fleet of ships

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43
Q

What is Huguenots?

A

French Protestants

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44
Q

What is westernization?

A

Embrace of western culture, ideas and technology

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45
Q

What is boyars?

A

Russian Landowning Nobles

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46
Q

Why did Charles the V abdicate ( give up) the Spanish throne in 1566?

A

He thought that is was impossible to rule 2 different empires

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47
Q

In 1571, Spain defeated the Ottoman Empire in a great victory for the Spaniards and Catholicism at the Battle of

A

Lepanto

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48
Q

What did Miguel De Cervantes write that is considered Europe’s 1st modern novel?

A

Don Quixote

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49
Q

In France, King Henry IV’s “Edict of Nantes” said that

A

Huguenots were granted religious toleration

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50
Q

French King Louis XIV gave himself the nickname

A

The Sun King

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51
Q

In France, what was the Estates General?

A

A legislative body made up of all of France’s social classes

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52
Q

Why did Peter the Great spend time in western Europe?

A

To learn about European technology and modernization

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53
Q

What was the symbol of Peter’s absolute power and desire to create a modern Russia?

A

St. Petersburg

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54
Q

What words describe Catherine the Great?

A

Enlightened and Efficient

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55
Q

What is an entrepreneur?

A

A person who manages and assumes the financial risk of new businesses

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56
Q

What is Jethro Tull?

A

Inventor of the seed drill

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57
Q

What is Jeremy Bentham?

A

British philosopher and economist who advocated utilitarianism

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58
Q

What is Proletariat?

A

Karl Marx’s name for the Industrial Working Class

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59
Q

What is Urbanization?

A

The movement of people to cities

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60
Q

What is Laizze-faire?

A

Philosophy where the government has a hands off approach to business

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61
Q

What is a turnpike?

A

A private toll road

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62
Q

What is anesthetics?

A

Drugs that prevents pain during surgery

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63
Q

What is a tenement?

A

An apartment building for the working class

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64
Q

What is James Watt?

A

Improved the steam engine in the late 1700s

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65
Q

During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?

A

People migrated from rural areas to cities

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66
Q

The first factories developed in what industry?

A

Textiles

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67
Q

Land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s resulted in

A

Larger farms

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68
Q

1700s farming methods improved in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A

Farms got smaller, so farmers could focus more on their crops

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69
Q

The cotton gin was a machine that could

A

separate seeds from raw cotton

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70
Q

Great Britain was a leader in the Industrial Revolution for all of the following reasons EXPECT

A

Its farmland was mostly poor, causing many to find other types of jobs

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71
Q

The world’s first major rail line was located

A

In England, from Liverpool to Manchester

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72
Q

The putting-out system was a method of

A

Producing cloth in individual homes

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73
Q

The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the Industrial

A

Working Class

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74
Q

Laws called “Factory Acts” were passed in early 1800s to

A

Reform child labor

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75
Q

Many early factory workers were woman because

A

Employers could pay woman less than men

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76
Q

What was one reason that most Industrial Working class parents did not mind their children working?

A

Their families needed the income

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77
Q

During the Industrial Revolution John Wesley founded which new form of Christianity?

A

Methodism

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78
Q

According to laizzez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was

A

Running businesses that were free from government interference

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79
Q

According to Socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was

A

Shared ownership by all people of the means of production (factories, farms, railroads, etc)

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80
Q

The Luddites were a

A

Labor organization

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81
Q

Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because

A

Diseases was a natural means of population control

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82
Q

Which of the following best describes David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages”?

A

Wage increases will not raise the standard of living poor families because they’ll just have more children

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83
Q

“The greatest happiness for the greatest number” was a goal of

A

utilitarianism

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84
Q

Karl Marx hated capitalism because he believed that it

A

Created prosperity for a few and poverty for many

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85
Q

What is Imperialism?

A

Domination of one country by another

86
Q

What is missionaries?

A

Someone who is sent on a religious cause

87
Q

What is famine?

A

Mass starvation

88
Q

What is sati?

A

Widows had to kill themselves when their husbands died

89
Q

What is Sepoy?

A

Indian Soldiers

90
Q

Which of the following was NOT a major cause of European Imperialism?

A

Communist ideology

91
Q

European overseas expansion was partly fueled by industrial companies needs for this

A

Natural resources

92
Q

This type of colonial rule was most commonly practice by Great Britain

A

Indirect Rule

93
Q

Where was the conference held that partitioned( broke up) Africa amongst European powers in 1884?

A

Berlin

94
Q

What country gained territorial holdings in Africa that were roughly the size of the United States?

A

France

95
Q

The Sepoy Rebellion was caused by?

A

British insensitivity to Indian customs

96
Q

What was one advantage that European countries had over African countries when trying to imperialize?

A

Better technology therefore better weapons

97
Q

King Leopold of Belgium started a “Mad dash” for Africa after he did what?

A

Started to colonize the Congo, Africa

98
Q

Name the largest African country that remained independent throughout the imperialist ear of 1880-1914

A

Ethiopia

99
Q

In which city did he assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand take place?

A

Sarajevo, Bosnia

100
Q

What does Conscription mean?

A

Required military service

101
Q

The US threatened to cut off diplomatic relations with German after which boat was sunk?

A

Lusitania

102
Q

Which of US President Wilson’s Fourteen Points was the one he was the most adamant about not compromising on?

A

Establishment of a League of Nations

103
Q

What were France’s goals at the Paris Peace Conference that resulted in the Versailles Treaty?

A

They wanted Germany so greatly weakened that they could never invade France again

104
Q

What does MANIA stand for?

A

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination

105
Q

Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

Black Hands- Gavrilo Princip

106
Q

When did the assassination take place?

A

June 28, 1914

107
Q

“Dominoes” after his death that led to war

A

Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia
Germany pledged support to Austria
Russia pledges support to Serbia-Mobilizes for war
Germany declared war on Russia
France pledges support to Russia
Germany declares war on France
Germany invaded Belgium on way to France
GB supported Belgium and declared war on Germany

108
Q

Who was on Triple Alliance?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

109
Q

Who was on Triple Entente?

A

England, France, Russia

110
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

Designed to fight 2 front war; Idea was to move quickly against France before Russia could Mobilize

111
Q

Why did the SP not work?

A

Russia mobilized for war faster than Germany thought; British and French troops pushed Germans back

112
Q

What is Stalemate?

A

Neither side was able to defeat the other

113
Q

Western front in WWI opponents.

A

Britain/France vs Germany

114
Q

Western front techniques/strategies

A

Long, deep trenches to protect armies from fire

115
Q

Western Front results

A

Battle lines mostly unchanged for 4 years

116
Q

Eastern Front opponents

A

Russia vs Germany

117
Q

Eastern Front techniques and strategies

A

Battle lines shift greatly; Russia pushed deep in to Germany

118
Q

Eastern Front results

A

Russia defeated in Battle of Tanner burg so had to retreat back to Russia

119
Q

What were new technologies and weapons?

A

Rapid-fire machines guns; Log range artillery; Poison gas; Tanks; Aircraft; Zeppelins; Submarines

120
Q

What are zeppelins?

A

Large gas filled balloons

121
Q

What did the German’s call submarines?

A

Unterseeboot- U-boat

122
Q

Why was the Ottoman Empire strategically important?

A

Location; without them CP would have been surrounded; cut supply lines from Russia to other allies

123
Q

Who was in Allied Powers?

A

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy

124
Q

Who was in Central Powers?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

125
Q

What is total war?

A

Nations realized winning required use of all their resources

126
Q

Examples of total war

A

Conscription; Rationed food and other products; Raised taxes and borrowed money; Set price controls

127
Q

What happened at the sinking of the Lusitania?

A

German’s said they would sink all ships carrying British goods with U-Boats; sunk ones will Americans on it who were killed

128
Q

Why was the sinking important?

A

Angered US-Threatened to cut off diplomatic relations; Germany had to give warnings

129
Q

What is propaganda?

A

Spreading of ideas that promote a cause or damage an opponent

130
Q

How and examples of how propaganda was used?

A

Posters urged civilians to save resources; scare tactics to motivate people to join the army or buy war bond

131
Q

Why was propaganda used?

A

To control public opinion

132
Q

Why did the US get involved on Allied side?

A

Cultural ties; Germany broke promises, Zimmerman note

133
Q

What difference did the US make in the war?

A

Helped allied push German troops back and force their surrender

134
Q

Who was involved in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Russia Leader- Vladimir Lenin

135
Q

What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk say?

A

Pulled Russia out of WWI after 3 years

136
Q

What was the Zimmerman Note?

A

German proposal to Mexico that if they fought against US, Germany would help them regain lost territory

137
Q

What were Wilson’s 14 points?

A

List of terms to resolve WWI and future conflicts

138
Q

What did the Wilson’s 14 points say?

A

Freedom of seas; free trade; no secret alliances

139
Q

Which of the points was most important to Wilson?

A

League of Nations

140
Q

What was Spanish Influenza?

A

Flu

141
Q

What were results of Spanish influenza?

A

Few moths 20 million were killed worldwide more than in WWI

142
Q

What are reparations?

A

Payments for war damage

143
Q

Who was the leader of France and what did they want?

A

Georges Clemenceau- Wanted to weaken Germany so it could never again invade France

144
Q

Who was the leader of Britain and what did they want?

A

David Lloyd- Wanted Germany to pay heavy reparations

145
Q

Who was the leader of Italy and what did they want?

A

Vittorio Orlando- Wanted territorial gains promised to Italy

146
Q

Who was the leader of US and what did they want?

A

Woodrow Wilson- Wanted 14 points, especially League of Nations

147
Q

Treaty of Versailles results for Germany

A

Had to pay massive reparations; severe limits on German military; Germany lost territory

148
Q

Was the treaty of Versailles and success and why or why not?

A

No; led to WWII because it made Germany angry

149
Q

Why did the US not join the League of Nations?

A

Us didn’t want to get involved in future wars

150
Q

What is Lebensraum?

A

Living Space

151
Q

What is 3rd Reich

A

Boasted that Germans would dominate Europe for 1000 years

152
Q

What is Der Furher?

A

The leader

153
Q

What is Appeasement?

A

Giving into demands of an aggressor in order to maintain peace

154
Q

What is Aryan Race?

A

Blond haired, blue eyed Native German people

155
Q

German’s reactions to Versailles Treaty

A

Germany in total chaos; mad at Europe and government

156
Q

Name of new government after WWI for Germany

A

Weimar Republic

157
Q

Why did French seize Ruhr Valley?

A

Germany fell behind on paying reparations to France

158
Q

Adolf Hitler background

A

Born in Austria; Hoped to become an artist; Hated WR; Wrote book; Fought for Germany in WWI; went to jail

159
Q

Adolf Hitler Political party

A

National Socialist Workers Party; Nazi Party

160
Q

Translation of Mein Kampf

A

My struggle

161
Q

Where was Mein Kampf written?

A

Prison

162
Q

What did Mein Kampf say?

A

About his beliefs; Hatred of Jews; Need for German living space

163
Q

Who was involved in the Munich Conference?

A

British France Germany

164
Q

What was decided in the Munich Conference?

A

British/French chose appeasement; Hitler promises o more expansion

165
Q

What happened to Poland during the Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

Divided up Poland secretly between Germany and Russia

166
Q

What is Blitzkrieg?

A

Lightning War-Striking a devastating blow to an enemy very quickly

167
Q

Luftwaffe

A

German Air Force

168
Q

Vichy France

A

Puppet state in south France

169
Q

Scorched Earth Campaign

A

Destroying anything of value so Nazis couldn’t’ use it

170
Q

Why did Hitler backstab USSR?

A

Wanted their raw materials, farm land and forests; Also wanted to crush communism

171
Q

How did Hitler Backstab The USSR?

A

Operation Barbarossa; Advanced into Russia; Took over the rest of Poland

172
Q

Who was the Battle of Stalingrad between?

A

Soviet Union and Nazis

173
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad?

A

Turing point of the war between Germany and USSR

174
Q

What stopped Hitler’s momentum in trying to conquer the USSR?

A

Scorched Earth Campaign

175
Q

Description of D-Day

A

150,000 troops stormed the beaches at Normandy, France; June 6, 1944

176
Q

Significance of D-Day

A

Battled Germans and were able to establish France in France again

177
Q

What was discussed/decided at the Tehran Conference

A

Allied agreed to open 2nd front in Europe; Huge invasion of French coast planned

178
Q

What was discussed/decided at the Yalta Conference?

A

Discuss postwar goals; Agreed USSR would enter fighting vs Japan after 3 months; planned to split Germany into 4 zones of influence

179
Q

Anti Semitism

A

Hatred/discrimination of Jews

180
Q

Gestapo

A

Secret police to identify enemies of the Nazis

181
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Night of broken glass; Gestapo and Nazi thugs destroyed hundreds of Jewish stores, home and synagogues

182
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A

Mobile killing squad; Charged with rounding up Jews and exterminating them

183
Q

Genocide

A

Deliberate destruction of a specific race of group of people

184
Q

At first, how were Jews excluded from public life?

A

Political-not allowed to hold offices; social-Jews were not allowed to marry non-Jews; Economic-Jewish businesses were boycotted

185
Q

How did the Nazis force Jews to identify themselves?

A

ID cards marked with large red J; given new middle names; Sew yellow star of David on all clothing

186
Q

Other than Jews, what other groups else were consider “undesirable” to Hitler?

A

Homosexuals; Communists; Gypsies; Homeless

187
Q

Death Camp entry process

A

Jews put on train cars; Split into 2groups; many woman children, elderly killed; strong men/woman/children worked to death

188
Q

Death camp life

A

Heads shaved; given numbered tattoos on forearms; one set of clothes; daily food; tortured or performed cruel medical experiments; weak prisoners gassed

189
Q

What was the name of the gas they use?

A

Zyklon B

190
Q

Largest camps

A

Auschwitz; Majdanek

191
Q

What was the result of trails against Nazi officials

A

Said they were ‘following orders’; idea rejects;12 Nazi defendants receive death penalty

192
Q

Puppet State

A

“independent” state under control of a powerful neighbor

193
Q

What was the name of the American that opened Japan up the world?

A

Matthew Perry

194
Q

Why did Japan say they created Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

A

they wanted to liberate Asia from Europe

195
Q

Why did Japan really great the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

A

Just needed resources

196
Q

US response to Japanese expansion

A

US limited trade to “punish” them; Banned selling scrap iron and steel to them; Frozen Japanese financial assets in US; Cut off oils shipments

197
Q

Who was Hideki Tojo?

A

Prime minister in Japan; General

198
Q

What did Tojo want with the US?

A

Supported war with US and began preparing for one

199
Q

What happened at Pearl Harbor

A

Japan had bombed Hawaii with 180 planes, 6 aircraft carriers and 20 other ships; Goal-knockout blow before US could respond

200
Q

Results of Pearl Harbor

A

In 2 hours killed 2,400 Americans, injured 1,200; damaged or destroyed 200 US warplanes, suck or damaged18 warships including 8/9 battleships

201
Q

When was Pearl Harbor?

A

Dec 7th, 1941

202
Q

What was Island-Hopping?

A

Selectively attacking specific islands, while ignoring others

203
Q

Why was Island Hopping done?

A

To get home islands of Japan

204
Q

Did Island Hopping work?

A

Yes; able to surround Japanese home islands

205
Q

Who started Manhattan Project?

A

FDR

206
Q

Who led MP?

A

Robert Oppenheimer

207
Q

What was the goal of MP?

A

Create atomic bomb before Hitler did; Hit Germany before Germany could hit US

208
Q

Why did the US think it was necessary to drop the bomb?

A

Wanted war to be over before Russia entered, so they would have no say in post war decisions; US threaten by Russia’s strength and bomb could send a message

209
Q

Were there any other alternatives to ending the war

A

Mass invasions of japan; Naval blockade and conventional bombing; drop bomb on deserted island near Japan to show our strength; soften allies demands for unconditional surrender

210
Q

Why did the US decide to end up dropping it?

A

Truman-thought no decision; He was going to use any weapon he could find to end fighting

211
Q

Where was it dropped?

A

Hiroshimaa, Japan

World History (14 decks)

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