Unit 2 Test Flashcards
What is the Han Dynasty?
Strengthens China; less harsh punishment; weak government; better officials in government; achieves golden age; advances in medicine and science and technology; less unified; jobs made by doing well; less stable; people happier; more likely to develop inventions; better rule of citizens
What was the Qin Dynasty (Shi Huangdi)?
Harsh rule; would torture and kill people that went against them; same coins and languages; constructed Great Wall of China; extended roads and canals; abolishes Feudalism; people suffer to strengthen government; better army; tyrants; stability; more unified; expanded more; people better controlled; Strong Government; EMPEROR WUDI; Han Dynasty falls because a local government becomes strong and unruly and invades them
What was the Maurya Dynasty?
Strong Government; Starts in Ganges Valley and takes northern India; Son and Grandson of Chandragupta take southern India; Maintained order through a well organized government; very harsh; Asoka is Chandragupta’s grandson, was in a great battle which killed may people, afterward he was horrified and converted to Buddhism, after he passed away the empire split up
What was the Gupta Dynasty?
Weak government; Golden Age; peace; Advances in math- 0, decimals and counting to or by 10; medical and literature advances; Empire declines because of- weak rulers, civil war, foreign invaders
What was the Family Structure in India?
Patriarchal; Whole family in one home; Family duties: training children for expectations; parents arrange marriage; If woman are devoted to husband increases their dharma; Village structure- usually had a council to make decisions; many castes
Explain Alexander the Great.
After his father is assassinated he steps into power; never lost a battle; obsession with killing Darius III; After him and his troops reached India then went back to Babylon; dies early; when asked who should rule after his death says “the strongest”; Empires split into 3; spread Greek culture and language across huge area; taught soldiers and citizens to assimilated with locals
Explain The Greek City state Sparta.
Sparta: 2 kings in charge o major decisions and council of Elders; Citizens were +30 males; everything aimed at military strength; woman were fit; Helots were slaves in Sparta; no art; enjoyed isolation; STRENGTH; nothing to live for
Explain the Greek City State Athens.
Athens: Monarchy then changed to Democracy; first democracy; Land owning freeman could vote; Slaves treated more kind; Woman stayed home; boys went to school if could afford; valued art, philosophy, rhetoric, writing, math, music and military; individual achievement; entertainment was very important
What was the Battle of Marathon?
Ionia comes under Persian Rule, Athens help with a navy but Ionia still falls; Darius sends forces to punish Athens for helping Ionia and Athens defeats Persians at Marathons; Battle of Thermopylae: Xerxes (Darius’ Son) sends force to Athens, Athens had got other allies already and were prepared, Leonidas, a Spartan King holds of Persians but dies, Persian bur
What was the Battle of Thermopylae?
Xerxes (Darius’ Son) sends force to Athens; Athens had already got allies and were prepared; Leonidas a Spartan Kind holds of Persians but dies; when Persians reach Athens they had already left so they burnt the city; Athens take out there navy; Athens start to form an empire across Greece with Dalian League
What happens after the Battle of Thermopylae?
Athens enter Golden Age; Athens was a great place to live but everywhere else around Athens was bad, had to pay taxes and were threatened of violence if tried to back out on Athens; Direct democracy
What was the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta created Peloponnesian league to fight Athens; Sparta allies with Persia; Athens brings all of it’s allies into the city but a plague breaks out and kills many people; after was no more big powers in Greece
What can you learn from the Greek Myth Theseus and the Minotaur?
Bravery
What can you learn from the Greek Myth Hercules and the 12 labors?
Take Responsibilities for your mistakes
What can you learn from the Greek Myth The Magic Rocks?
With every bad thing comes good
What can you learn from the Greek Myth Zeus?
There are consequences to doing something bad
What can you learn from the Greek Myth Trojan War?
Who started the Trojan War; people can be greedy; Jealousy can make people foolish
What can you learn from the Greek Myth the Competition?
Explains how Athens came to be
What were the goal of the Greek Myths?
The Greek Myths goal was to teach us important lessons and to explain how certain things can to be
Why were the Phoenicians important?
They were sailors and traders of the Mediterranean; they dispersed culture from place to place; established the alphabet; invented glass from sand and purple dye; Greek modified into what we use today
What were the Big 3 in Hinduism?
Brahma- the creator; Vishnu- the preserver; Shiva- the destroyer
What were the Beliefs of Hinduism?
Goal- to join with Brahman; Brahman rules and controls everything; reincarnation determined by karma and dharma; Jainism Forms: anyone can perform sacred rites, practiced meditation, self denial and ahimsa
How did Hinduism interact with the caste system?
Reincarnation; everyone does their job under the idea of boosting karma
What was the journey of the Buddha in Buddhism?
Rich prince; travels outside of city walls and see a old man, a sick man and a dead man; he understands that there is a great deal of suffering in the world; and leaves castle to understand nirvana; Meditates under the Bodhi tree and figures out the 4 noble truths
What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?
- Life is full of suffering, pain and sorrow 2. the cause of suffering is desire 3. the only cure for suffering is to overcome desire 4. the way to overcome desire is the eight fold path
What are the beliefs in Buddhism?
4 noble truths; following eight fold path leads to Nirvana; karma, dharma rebirth
What is the branch Theravada of Buddhism?
Follow original teachings; only very dedicated priest can achieve enlightenment
What is the branch of Mahayana of Buddhism?
Easier for ordinary people to achieve enlightenment; saw the Buddha as a God
What are some similarities of Hinduism and Buddhism?
Karma, dharma, nonviolence, rebirth
What are some differences of Hinduism and Buddhism?
Buddhism has less mythology and much more personal; Buddhism has no caste system
Explain Judaism’s agreements with God
1st 4 of the 10 commandments talk about their relationship to God; Sabbath- Saturday, holy day; ruler of the Jews was human but even they bent to Gods will
Explain the history of the Jewish journey in Judaism?
Diaspora; stayed in a community by rigid following of laws and customs; after Solomon, the son of David dies Israel splits and the Assyrians conquer Israel; Jews sent to Babylon: Cyrus then frees Jews to Judah
How do the commandments relate of God and man in Judaism?
1st 4 of 10 commandments talk about their relationship to God; Sabbath- Saturday is holy day; last 6 are laws to live by; Patriarchal; ruler of the Jews was human but they bent to Gods will
What was Legalism?
Harsh rule; Tortures and kills people would go against ruler;
What was Confucianism?
Not a religion; focuses on government and moral; family is very important; usually a superior and inferior person; relationships dictate behavior; Inferior’s loyal and obedient; rulers virtuous and intelligent; parent and child most important relationship; ruler to subject, parent to child, husband to wife, older to younger brother, friend to friend
What was Taoism (Daoism)?
Rejects conflict; virtue of yielding- water- unstoppable force but can yield to pressure; Reject unnatural things like government; artists and poets
Why do Taoism and Confucianism work together?
Confucianism shows how to behave and Taoism influences natural world
What are the positives of a strong central government?
Lots of accomplishments; better army; people better controlled and unified; stability; expand more
What are the negatives of a strong central government?
harsh rule; people suffer to strengthen government; tyrants; torture
Examples of dynasties using a strong central government
Qin dynasty (Shi Huangdi); Maurya Empire
What are the positives of a weak central government?
Golden ages; advances in science and medicine; jobs by doing well; less harsh punishments; people happier; more likely to develop inventions; better rule of citizens
What are the negatives of a weak central government?
Less stable; Less unified; more likely to get invaded
Examples of dynasties using a weak central government.
Han Dynasty; Gupta Empire
