World Englishes

Question 1

accent

Answer 1

restricted to pronunciation, everyone has it

Question 2

dialect

Answer 2

a language form associated with a particular region or a social group

Question 3

sociolect

Answer 3

a variety of language which identifies people as belonging to a certain group of people

Question 4

idiolect

Answer 4

language spoken by an individual

Question 5

register

Answer 5

stylistically defined language varieties associated with certain channels or situal contexts

Question 6

basilect

Answer 6

the variety of a language which has the lowest prestige or is the most distant from a standard form

Question 7

acrolect

Answer 7

variety of a language which has the highest prestige or is the closest to a standard form

Question 8

colonial lag

Answer 8

(post-) colonial societies tend to be conservative, i.e. they retain old forms

Question 9

models of English

Answer 9

McArthur (wheel)
Kachru (centric circles)
Schneider (Dynamic Model)

Question 10

categories of Englishes

Answer 10

1. English as a Native Language (ENL)
2. English as a Second Language (ESL)
3. English as a Foreign Language (EFL)

Question 11

stages of the Dynamic Model

Answer 11

1. foundation
2. exonormative stabilization
3. nativization
4. endonormative stabilization
5. differentiation