Syntax Flashcards
1
Q
syntax
A
examines structure of sentences: phrases and clauses
2
Q
word classes
A
- closed classes - prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjuctions, modal verbs, primary verbs
- open classes - nouns, adjectives, full verbs, adverbs
- the rest - numerals, interjections, negative particle, infinitive marker
3
Q
nouns
A
- morphological criteria (form)
-derivational morphemes -hood, -ness, …
-inflectional morphemes -plural -s, genitive sg. ‘s, … - syntactic criteria - can funtion as subject or object, can be used with an article/determiner
4
Q
full (lexical) verbs (fV)
A
e.g. sing, dance
special case: multi-word verbs: phrased vs. prepositional verb
5
Q
auxiliary (grammatical) verbs (auxV)
A
- primary verbs
- modal verbs
- marginal verbs
- modal idioms
- semi-auxiliaries
6
Q
primary verbs
A
be, have, do
can function as both auxV and mV
7
Q
modal verbs
A
NICE properties
-Negotion
-Inversion
-Code
-Emphasis
8
Q
adjectives
A
- morphological criteria
- derivational morphemes -ful, -less, …
-inflectional morphemes - comparative -er, superlative -est - syntactic criteria
- attributive use or predicative use
- modification by intensifying adverbs possible
9
Q
adverbs
A
- morphological criteria
-derivational morpheme -ly, -wise,… - syntactic criteria
-adverbials in sentences
-modification of adjective or adverbs
10
Q
adjuncts
A
circumstantial adverbs (time, space, manner)
11
Q
disjuncts
A
stance adverbials (indicate speaker’s emotions)
12
Q
conjuncts
A
linking adverbs
13
Q
subjuncts
A
degree adverbs
14
Q
pronouns
A
- personal
- possessive
- reflexive
- demonstrative
- reciprocal
- relative
- interrogative
- indefinite
15
Q
determiners
A
- predeterminer
- central determiner
- postdeterminer
