Worksheet 7 – The perineum and external genitalia

Question 1

what 2 triangular areas is the pelvic outlet separated into?

Answer 1

urogenital triangle

anal triangle

Question 2

where does the urogenital triangle run from

Answer 2

pubic symphysis to the r+l ischial tuberosities

Question 3

where does the anal triangle run from

Answer 3

coccyx to the r+l ischial tuberosities

Question 4

what does the anal triangle contain?

Answer 4

anal canal and ischioanal fossae

Question 5

where does the rectum become the anal canal

Answer 5

ano-rectal junction

Question 6

what is the embryological separation of the anal canal

Answer 6

upper 2/3

lower 1/3

Question 7

arterial supply to upper anal canal?

Answer 7

superior rectal artery

Question 8

arterial supply to lower anal canal?

Answer 8

inferior rectal artery

Question 9

venous drainage of upper anal canal?

Answer 9

superior rectal vein

Question 10

venous drainage of lower anal canal?

Answer 10

inferior rectal vein

Question 11

nerve supply to upper anal canal?

Answer 11

visceral

Question 12

nerve supply to lower anal canal?

Answer 12

somatic

Question 13

what is the ring formed by the anal valves termed?

Answer 13

pectinate line

Question 14

what line marks the boundary between the upper and lower anal canal?

Answer 14

pectinate line

Question 15

which anal sphincter has smooth muscle?

Answer 15

internal

Question 16

nerve supply to internal anal sphincter?

Answer 16

visceral - parasympathetic + sympathetic

Question 17

nerve supply to the external anal sphincter?

Answer 17

somatic

Question 18

what are haemorrhoids?

Answer 18

vascular cushions in the anal canal to help with maintenance of faecal continence

Question 19

what divides the urogenital triangle into deep and superficial?

Answer 19

urogenital diphragm

Question 20

what does the urogenital triangle stretch between?

Answer 20

left + right inferior ischiopubic rami

Question 21

what is the urogenital triangle pierced by ?

Answer 21

both - urethra

female - vagina

Question 22

what muscles are formed in the urogenital triangle?

Answer 22

external urethral sphincter

Question 23

nerve supply to external urethral sphincter?

Answer 23

somatic - pudendal nerve S2-S4

Question 24

4 Branches of pudenal nerve

Answer 24

inferior rectal
perineal nerve - posterior scrotal/labial nerve
dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

Question 25

6 branches of internal pudendal artery

Answer 25

inferior rectal artery 
perineal artery - posterior scrotal/labial nerve 
artery to bulb of penis
deep artery of penis/clitoris 
dorsal artery of penis/clitoris

Question 26

where does the external pudendal artery branch from?

Answer 26

femoral artery

Question 27

what does the external pudendal artery supply?

Answer 27

male = scrotum 
female = labia majora

Question 28

superficial space between the perineal membrane and Colles’ fascia?

Answer 28

superficial perineal pouch

Question 29

what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

Answer 29

testis, vas deferens, root of penis

Question 30

erectile tissue in males when runs along the shaft of the penis

Answer 30

corpus cavernosum

Question 31

membrane covering corpus cavernosum

Answer 31

corpus spongiosum

Question 32

nerve supply to the bulbospongiosum + ischiocavernosus muscles?

Answer 32

perineal nerve

Question 33

3 arteries supplying the penis

Answer 33

1. dorsal
2. deep
3. bulbourethral

Question 34

2 sensory nerves supplying skin of scrotum

Answer 34

anterior + posterior scrotal nerves

Question 35

vulva

Answer 35

structures of female external genitalia

Question 36

function of vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands)

Answer 36

secrete mucus during sexual arousal

Question 37

which lymph nodels drain the perineal structures?

Answer 37

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 38

which 2 ligaments form the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 38

sacrospinous + sacrotuberous

Question 39

difference between urogenital + anal triangle

Answer 39

urogenital is covered by peritoneum