Working With Communities (Ma'am Tria) Flashcards
An era of damayan and bayanihan.
Pre-colonial era
Alms giving and charity works exists in which colonial era in the Philippines?
Spanish
Which colonial era manifests the beginning of organized Social Welfare (Associated Charities, 1914)?
American
The following are characteristics of what period?
1. Establishment of Social Welfare Administration (SWA), forerunner of now DSWD;
2. Basically, resource provision;
3. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of communities destroyed by war;
4. Physical improvement and infrastructure building; and
5. Construction of schools, roads and bridges.
Reconstruction Period (1950s-1960s)
The following are characteristics of what period:
1. Generate maximum community participation;
2. Enhance coping capabilities;
3. Continue relief/rehabilitation programs, dole-outs, home-based/institutional services; and
4. Advocacy and social action?
Development Decade (1960s-1970s)
The following are characteristics of what period:
1. Emphasis on critical and active participation of people;
2. Organizing as a political action to gain power and assert rights in decision-making;
3. Institutionalization of CO in the Philippines;
4. Formation of ZOTO (Zone One Tondo Organization), first PO formed since institutionalization;
5. Use of Structural Analysis and Dependency Theory as guiding framework;
6. Integrated Method in Social Work; and
7. Liberative Education (Freire) Conflict-confrontation model and the BCC-CO employed by community-based health programs.
Participatory Development (1970s-1980s)
The following are characteristics of what period:
1. 2-pronged Approach: strengthening of people’s organization and socio- economic activities;
2. Expansion of organizing work from community-wide to nationwide;
3. Broadening of democratic space - EDSA Revolution; and
4. Peak of NGO work
Socio-Economic Work (1980s-1990s)
The following are characteristics of what period:
1. To address depletion of vital resources and the degradation of the environment;
2. Organizing focused on proper utilization and conservation of resources along with other social problems arising from the worsening poverty situation;
3. Community practice addressed issues including drug addiction, prostitution, child abuse and domestic violence;
4. Formation of people’s movement more pronounced thrust in organizing work;
5. Building of federations and coalitions more pronounced; and
6. Rise of women’s movement in the Philippines?
Sustainable Development (1990s-2000s)
(Principle of participatory development approach) ________ of all people, or representatives of all groups who will be affected by the result of a decision of a process.
Inclusion
A principle of participatory development approach which pertains to the recognition that every person has skill, ability, and initiative amd has an equal right to participate in the process, regardless of their status.
Equal partnership
A principle of participatory development approach which states that all participants must help to create a climate conducive to open communication and building dialogue.
Transparency
A principle of participatory development approach which states that authority and power must be balance evenly between all stakeholders to avoid the domination of one party.
Sharing power
A principle of participatory development approach which states that all stakeholders have equal responsibility for decisions that are made, and each should have clear responsibilities within each process.
Sharing responsibility
A principle of participatory development approach which states that participants with special skills should be encouraged to take responsibility for tasks within their specialty, but should also encourage others to also be involved to promote mutural learning and empowerment.
Empowerment
A principle of participatory development approach which is deemed important. It means sharing everybody’s strength reduces weaknesses.
Cooperation
A type of community participation which states that community participation is simply a pretence, with people’s representatives on official boards who are unelected and have no power.
Manipulative Participation (Co-option)
A type of community participation which states that communities participate by being told what has been decided or already happened. This involves unilateral announcements by an administration or project management without listening to people’s responses. The information belongs only to external professionals.
Passive Participation (Compliance)
A type of community participation which states that community participation is seen by external agencies as a means to achieve project goals. People participate by forming groups to meet predetermined project objectives; they may be involved in decision-making, but only after major decisions have already been made by external agents.
Functional Participation (Cooperation)
A type of community participation which states that people participate in joint analysis, development of action plans and formation or strengthening of local institutions. Participation is seen as a right, not just the means to achieve goals.
Interactive Participation (Co-learning)
A type of community participation which states that people participate by taking initiatives independently of external institutions to change systems. They develop contacts with external institutions for resources and technical advice they need, but retain control over how resources are used.
Self-mobilization (Collective Action)
“Let’s all get together and talk this over.”
Locality development
“Let’s get the facts and take the logical next steps.”
Social planning
“Let’s organize to destroy our oppressor.”
Social action
Tactics of consensus.
Locality development
Tactics of conflict or consensus.
Social planning
Tactics of conflict.
Social action
Major role is enabler or encourager.
Locality development
Major role is technical expert.
Social planning
Major role is advocate and activist.
Social action
Power structure is included within all-embracing concept of community. All segments of community are thought of as part of the client system.
Locality development
Clients are consumers and recipients of services. They are active in consuming services, not in the determination of policy or goals, a function reserved for the planner or some policy-making instrument.
Social planning
Clients are victims of the system. The community is seen as the employer while the organizer is seen as employee.
Social action
The father of community organizing.
Saul Alinsky
According to Alinsky, when do we feel conflict?
All the time
This model is the process of unmasking the reality of oppression and bringing the people face to face with that reality.
Conflict confrontation model
These are people with power, money, food, security, and luxury.
Haves
Torn between upholding status quo to protect little they have and yet wanting to change so they can get more.
Have little and want more
People who are stricken in poverty, rotten housing, disease, ignorace, political incompetence, and despair.
Have nots
A method of change in conflict confrontation model which pertains to encouraging the powerless and helping them develop techniques to bring forth change themselves.
Popular Education
Are conscious deliberate acts by which human beings live with each other and deal with the world around them.
Tactics
A kind of tactic wherein the radical recognizes that in order to work with people, he must first approach them on basis of common understanding.
Organizational tactics
A kind of tactic wherein building organization is considered a conflict group.
Conflict tactics
Father of liberation theology.
Gustavo Guttierez
This concept is born when faith confronted injustice done to the poor.
Liberation theology
Is the ways in which individuals and communities develop a critical understanding of their social reality through action-reflection-action.
Conscientization
The exploited and unrecognized objects of the oppressors.
Oppressed
Are being in themselves who initiate violence through oppression, exploitation, and failure to recognize others as people.
Oppressors
To enter into ______ presupposes equality among participants. Each must trust the others; there must be mutual respect and love.
Dialogue
Putting theory into practice.
Praxis
Are all human beings entitled to rights, to claim rights, and to hold the duty bearers accountable as well as respect the rights of others.
Rights holder
State and non-state actors that has obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill the rights of rights holder.
Duty bearers
Organizing around an issue characterized by quick action response or mass mobilization to confront and/or pressure a target agency/institution or any external force threatening the people’s interests to conform to people’s demands.
Issue-based organizing
Linked with a project/program as it emanates from intervention of social agency/institution. Projects must become part of people’s lives, empower people, and serve as starting point for people’s organizing.
Project/program-based organizing
Focus on the needs and interests of a particular sector that needs to be organized.
Sector-based organizing
Various sectors are organized in a joint and collaborative effort to addess an issue or a problem.
Multi-sectoral organizing
