Theoretical Concepts and Practice of Community Organizing

Question 1

Sustained process in which people, through collective action, reflection, gain deeper understanding of the root causes of their powerlessness and gain self-confidence so that they can become authors of their lives and their destiny in the pursuit of total human development.

Answer 1

Empowerment

Question 2

A dimension of powerlessness when people feel powerless because they may learn helplessness, have external locus of control, or feel alienated from the world in which they live.

Answer 2

Subjective dimension

Question 3

A dimension of powerlessness that arises because people may lack the economic and political power, and live in the conditions of poverty and resource privation, which they internalize as feeling powerless.

Answer 3

Objective dimension

Question 4

An individual, an agency, of an organization becomes concerned about a needed reform in the community and launches a program to secure this reform.

Answer 4

Specific content objective

Question 5

A group, association, or a council focuses on the coordinated and orderly development of services in a particular area of interest.

Answer 5

General content objective approach

Question 6

Aims to initiate and nourish a process in which all the people of a community are involved, through their representatives, in identifying and taking action about their own problems.

Answer 6

Process objective approach

Question 7

An approach which attempts to organize communities around certain projects that aim for community self-reliance.

Answer 7

Project approach

Question 8

Focusds on collective action in which the community makes known its grievances and its demands to relevant authorities or to the public.

Answer 8

Political action approach

Question 9

Holds that community changes can be pursued most effectively by widely involving local people in determining and achieving goals.

Answer 9

Locality development

Question 10

Necessitates the service of experts in effecting planned change processes, especially in solving social problems.

Answer 10

Social planning

Question 11

Premised on the belief that ther are disadvantaged segments in society that need to be organized to enable them to voice out their demands for social justice or democracy.

Answer 11

Social action

Question 12

Implies a set of artifically created procedures.

Answer 12

Method

Question 13

Connotes naturalness.

Answer 13

Process

Question 14

Kramer and Specht (1975) proposed two models of community organizing which are:

Answer 14

Community development and social planning

Question 15

Efforts to mobilize the people directly affected by a community condition into groups and organization to enable them to twke action on the social problems and issues that affect them.

Answer 15

Community development

Question 16

Efforts toward integrating and coordinating the efforts of agencies and organizations inside and outside the community.

Answer 16

Social planning

Question 17

What are the three models of social action organizations according to Mondros and Wilson?

Answer 17

Grassroots, lobbying, and mobilizing

Question 18

Aims to organize marginalized citizens into a powerful group with the intention of targeting power holders who tend to resist change.

Answer 18

Grassroots or populist model

Question 19

This model of social action organizations sees the government and the legal system as the mechanisms for change.

Answer 19

Lobbying model

Question 20

This model of social action organizations views the government as resistant to change and that change can be achieved through political activism.

Answer 20

Mobilizing model

Question 21

This step enables the community organizers to introduce themselves to the local community officials and inform the local authorities about the project, its objectives, and the nature of their stay in the community.

Answer 21

Entry into the community.

Question 22

The purpose of this activity is for community organizers to imbibe community life and get to know the culture, economy, leadership, history, and lifestyle of the people.

Answer 22

Integration with the people

Question 23

Through this step, the community organizers systematically acquire information and analyze the political and socio-cultural structure of the community to identify issues around which to organize people.

Answer 23

Social investigation

Question 24

The community identify, analyze, and rank the problems and needs of the community.

Answer 24

Problem identification and analysis

Question 25

This step is done to translate the goals and objectives into specific activities to solve community problems.

Answer 25

Planning and strategizing

Question 26

Through this step, the community organizers facilitate wider participation and collective action on issues and problems concerning the community.

Answer 26

Organization development and mobilization

Question 27

The community organizers together with the community members review the course of action that has been undertaken to solve the problem.

Answer 27

Evaluation and reflection

Question 28

During this step, the community organizers transfer the community organizing roles and responsibilities to the organization as soon as the latter is ready is fully prepared to handle the responsibility.

Answer 28

Turno-over and phase out

Question 29

The PBSP (1991) divides the steps of community organizing into three stages. What are these?

Answer 29

Awakening, group empowerment, and group maintenance or institutionalization

Question 30

This stage, according to PBSP (1991), comprises entry into the community, integration, social investigation, problem identification, analysis and priority setting, and goal setting.

Answer 30

Awakening stage

Question 31

This stage, according to PBSP (1991), comprises the implementation of plans and evaluation.

Answer 31

Empowerment stage

Question 32

This stage, according to PBSP (1991), comprises the organization building and turn-over/phase-out.

Answer 32

Institutionalization stage