The Fundamentals of Community Organization and People's Empowerment Flashcards
These problems are brought about by the operational breakdown of either the producing system or the consuming public.
Residual Problems
This refers to the irrelevant or defective social policies and community decision-making process which need to be changed or modified as they adversely affect the interest and welfare of the majority of the people.
Residual Problems
While casework and social groupwork focus its concern with the individual’s dysfunction, community organization is concern with what dtysfunction?
System’s dysfunction
Since the early ’70s, this kind of planning had been advocated by NEDA.
Bottom-up planning
A group of people gathered together in a geographic area, large or small, who have common interests, actual or potentially recognized in the social welfare field.
Community
Refers to the people in a specific geographic area.
Geographic community
Composed of people who hold common values, share common functions or express some common interests.
Functional community
The orderly arrangement of group effort to provide unity of action in the pursuit of common purpose.
Organization
A process of identiying problems and needs, prioritizing them, formulating solutions in solving problems/ attaining needs ans implementing them through cooperative and collaborative approach.
Community Organization
Three types of objectives in CO as defined by Arthur Dunham.
Process goals, task goals, and relationship goals
Is a variable which affects the potential and the rate of community change obtainable at a given time.
Readiness to change
The focus of community organization which highlights ignorance, negative values of bahal na, ningas cogon, and maniana habit, exploitation of the weak and ignorant and some oppressive social structures.
Removal of blocks to growth
Are concerned with concrete tasks to be undertaken to meet specific needs and people’s aspirations or to solve particulae problems.
Tasks goals
Are concerned with the process of helping people in a community or group strengthen their quality of participation, self-direction and cooperation.
Process goals
Are focuses in changing certain types of relationships and decision-making process in a community by diffusing power to a wider base.
Relationship goals
Efforts directed towards integrating the different action systems of the community with other systems in the local community action systems (Kramer and Specht).
Social planning
John Dickman suggested three levels of action in social planning, what are these?
Societal goals, testing consequences, and social programming
This is selecting social goals and setting targets for their achievement.
Societal goals
The application of social values and action criteria to the assessment of programs undertaken in pursuit of economic and political goals.
Testing consequences
Planning the more traditional welfare activities of public and private agencies and the coordination by many groups.
Social programming
Refers to individual or group activity designed to influence a change in social policy or to lobby for the formulation of needed policies or social legislations for the benefit and welfare of the people.
Social action
Social action is popularly associated with _____, ________, and ____________.
Activism, protest rallies, and other forms of group dissent or dissatisfaction
According to Dunham, this function aims to secure and maintain adequate factual basis for social planning.
Fact finding
According to Dunham, this function aims to initiate, develop new programs and services, and modify or terminate social welfare programs and services that had become irrelevant.
Program development
According to Dunham, this function aims to establish, maintain, and improve social welfare standards, and to increase the effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operation of social welfare agencies.
Establishment of standards
According to Dunham, this function aims to improve and facilitate inter-relationships and to promote coordination between organizations, groups and inividuals concerned with social welfare programs and services.
Coordination
According to Dunham, this function aims to develop better public understanding of social welfare needs, problems, resources, objectives, services, methods, and standards.
Education
According to Dunham, this function aims to develop adequate public support of and public participation in social welfare activities.
Support and participation
This technique employs the use of suitable structures to engage in problem solving, such as councils, committees, task force, ad hoc committee, study groups, etc.
Structuring
This technique involves the breaking up of a problem situation, or collection of data, exploring the content and examining and setting forth of various aspects, issues, and relationships involved to gain insight and understanding the content better for logical conclusions/solutions.
Situation analysis
This technique is the process of looking into the causes of the problem and their effects on those affected by it.
Problem analysis
This is devised by Lewin in solving problem. She identifies the restraining forces in solving the problem and the driving forces that would enable them to decide in seeking the solutions to their problem.
Force Field Theory
The acting out of a situation which would depict a problem or varied problems and their effects designed to change the attitude and thinking of the target audiences towards the problem, such as from apathy to concern.
Role playing
This is a dramatic performance, with psychological overttones that is also designed to change the values, attitudes, habits and thinking of the target audience to a desired manner.
Socio-drama
This technique employs a range of educational and promotional ways/approaches to enhance people’s understanding and support of programs, projects, and plans for community improvement and development.
Education and promotion
This technique uses the organization of demonstration projects to illustrate ways of dealing with certain social problems which can be subsequently adopted for similar uses by the community and other communities and organizations.
Demonstration
This employs the exposure of trainees to a planned situstion or game where they experience a learning process.
Experiential learning
The interacting forces within a small human group.
Group dynamics
The CO worker employs this technique to influence public opinion and motivate people to act on certain community or national issues.
Formal study
This is a tactic or careful plan or a methos devised ro achieve a desired goal.
Strategy
This CO strategy aims at helping create new centers of power in communities where leadership is indifferent and ineffective.
Management of Power
This strategy had been popularized by Alinsky. It is used in communities where the people are apathetic towards their pressing problems and needs when other strategies fail.
Use of Conflict
This is based on the assumption of consensus or common base of values and interests among parties in disagreement.
Collaborative strategy
This is applicable when the people are not in agreemenr on how an issue should be resolved.
Campaign strategy
This strategy would apply to crystallize the issues involved and to get majority vote/supporr for one of the contestant’s proposal which will be considered the community’s adopted decision after the voting.
Contest strategy
This is employed when a problem threatens to be explosive or disruptive and is diffused through the CO worker’s intervention as a broker with the involvement of relevant groups and individuals who can help diffuse a crisis situation.
Social brokerage
It employs the integration of other group’s efforts and support to strengthen the cause another group or agency is espousing.
Use of integrative mechanisms to strengthen organization
Are mass action activities where people march in the streets with placards conveying the cause of their action or what the group is protesting about.
Social protest
Here, the interest groups attend committee meetings of the legislative bodies and the legislative sessions itself to show support of or protest against the passage of certain bills or some of its offending provisions.
Lobbying
This aims to fast-track learning designed for indigenous leaders’ training for community development and leadership roles.
Use of field trips
These people bring into their job their own expertise, knowledge, and resources that are tapped from their own network.
Volunteers
The network of psychological interaction that goes on in every group; it is everything that happens in a group, and is affected by the kind of interaction among the members.
Group process
This is the dynamic interplay of forces in which contact between persons results in modification of attitudes and behavior of participants.
Social interaction
This is the means through which information, symbols, and messages are given or transmitted and received.
Communication
This is the process of influencing others for the purpose of performing a shared task.
Leadership
A principle of group process which states that every member of the group should be allowed to share their ideas and opinion in any deliberation of the group.
Principle of Participatory Leadership
A principle of group process which states that the more attractive the group is to its members, the greater is the influence the group can exert on them.
Principld of Group Attraction
A principle of group process which states that the strong pressures for change in thr group can be accomplished by creating a shared perception of the need for change, thus making the source of pressure for change lie within the group itself.
Principle of Felt Needs
A principle of group process which states that information relating to the need for change, plans for change and its consquent results must be shared with the group members.
Princple of Feedback
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that people have the capacity to make good decisions when they are well informed of the facts of the issues being deliberated upon.
Principle of Democratic Values
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that an effective committee should have a clear statement and understanding of its purpose and job assignment.
Principle of Purpose
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that the leader of the process of the group thinking requires knowledge-ability, training, and skills in committee work.
Principle of Constructive and Creative Leadership
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that the committee members should know the value of cooperation and are able to apply this valhe in their committee work and in collaboration with other groups.
Principle of Proper Personnel
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that it is necessary for thr committre to plan their agenda so that they would not be wasting valuable time discussing inconsequential and irrelevant matters.
Principle of Planning
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that a good preparation for committee brings good results.
Principle of Preparation
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that a conducive atmosphere is needed for qualitative and in-depth thinking and discussions in order to be able to arrive at sound decisions.
Principle of Setting and Atmosphere
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that the best way for a committee to start its work is to look at the facts first instead of deepening on mere conjectures, opinions and assumptions which are unreliable.
Principle of Facts First
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that the committee member has the right to partipcipate in committee deliberations.
Principle of Participation
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that the ultimate test of an effective committee is how they can hadmonize their disagreements and be able to come out with an output.
Principle of Teamwork
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that productive committees are those which have pursued their course of action based on a foundation that is solid since strenght lies on its factual footings.
Principle of Progressive Process
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that the accomplishment of a committee task must have a realistic time frame to keep the momentum going.
Principle of Time and Timing
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that giving reports to the committee’s accomplishments to the organization or council to which it belongs is a requirement to update them on the progess of its assigned tasks.
Principle of Reporting
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that the periodic evaluation of one’s planned tasks prevents the committee into making major mistakes which would be more costly than when the mistake had earlier been detected and resolved.
Principle of Evaluation
A principle of effective committee work elucidated by Trecker & Trecker which states that members of the committees take pride when they see that thier ideas and labor have contributed to the committee’s goals and objectives.
Principle of Member Satisfaction
This factor for effective relationship states that ____ happens when members of the group feel a sense of common interest.
Group solidarity
This factor for effective relationship states that there is a group members’ awareness of common goals and objectives.
Sense of common purpose
This factor for effective relationship that pertains to the group members’ sense of security in relation to other groups.
Group stability
This factor for effective relationship that pertains to the desire to be appreciated and recognized for efforts, contributions, ideas, and achievements is met.
System of external reward
This factor for effective relationship which pertains to thr caring and bigayan attitude of members gives one a feeling of belonging or “we-feeling.”
Sense of belongingness
This type of question is directed to the group as a whole. It is effective for launching discussion and in promoting group thinking.
Overhead
This type of question is directed to a particular individual to draw his participation, curb monopolization, interrupt private conversations, and bring back the discussion into focus.
Direct
This type of question is used to launch discussions of a new subject matter and should therefore be challenging and be able to provoke participants to think.
Kick-off
This type of question is used to keep the discussion going towards attaining the objectives of the meeting.
Follow-up
This is the process of releasing the potentials of people through appropriate programs, services, and strategises; removing blocks that deter their growth and development and accessing them for the enhancement of their highest capabilities that they would be freed from the fetters of poverty, ignorance, oppression, social injustice and fear to stand up for their rights and pursuits for happiness as a member of a free and just society.
People empowerment
People empowerment should be approached through _______ effort since a person’s total well-being is attained through his physical, social, economic, mental, and spiritual needs.
Integrated and inter-disciplinary
