working memory + multi store model (16m)

Question 1

Who are the people that developed the working memory model?

Answer 1

Baddeley and Hitch

Question 2

What year was the working memory model developed?

Answer 2

1974

Question 3

What is the theory of the working memory model?

Answer 3

Baddeley and Hitch proposed that the short term memory is made up of several different stores

Question 4

What controls all these stores?

Answer 4

The central executive

Question 5

How many slave systems are there?

Answer 5

There are three; the phonological loop, episodic buffer and the visual spatial sketchpad

Question 6

What does the central executive do?

Answer 6

The central executive controls all the slave systems (episodic buffer etc) and allocates them tasks to do

Question 7

What is the visual spatial sketchpad?

Answer 7

The visual spatial sketchpad hold visual and spatial information

1. a temporary memory system

Question 8

What is the episodic buffer?

Answer 8

The episodic buffer brings visual, verbal and spatial information all together. It records events that happen, making sense of them

1. temporary store

Question 9

What is the phonological loop?

Answer 9

1. The phonological loop holds speech based information.
2. It is separated into two segments, the phonological store and the articulatory process.

3.The phonological store stores information spoken to you through the inner ear.

4. The articulatory process is your inner voice

Question 10

What is a strength of the working memory model? What is a counterpoint of this strength? (hint: shallice and warrington)

Answer 10

1. Shallice and Warrington studied a patient called KF
2. Suffered from amnesia after a motor cycle accident
3. Long term memory remained intact, short term memory only dealt with visual information not verbal information
4. Supports existence of separate visual and acoustic store in STM.
5. Visual spatial sketchpad undamaged, phonological loop damaged, specifically the articulatory process
6. COUNTERPOINT: study lacks ecological validity as it focuses on one person, therefore unable to generalise to wider population

Question 11

What is a strength of the working memory model? (hint: Baddeley et al)

Answer 11

1. Baddeley et al conducted a lab experiment using a repeated measure design
2. Condition One: participants were asked to perform two visual tasks at the same time. These participants tended to struggle
3. Condition Two: participants were asked to perform one visual and one verbal task
4. Condition One participants struggled more than Condition Two participants
5. This was because in Condition One they were performing tasks that competed for the same slave system, straining the VSS
6. Whereas in Condition Two, they were performing tasks that depended on different slave systems, therefore there was no competition and reduced strain on the slave systems
7. Supports Baddeley and Hitch’s theory of the short term memory having several different stores

Question 12

What is a counterpoint of Shallice and Warrington’s study?

Answer 12

Shallice and Warrington’s study lacked population validity as it was based on one person so results could not be generalised since the circumstances were unique to the case

Question 13

What is a counterpoint of Baddeley et al’s experiment?

Answer 13

Baddeley et al’s experiment lacked ecological validity. He conducted his experiment in a lab which would have lacked real life representation

Question 14

Baddeley et al used a repeated measures design in their experiment. What is a disadvantage of this design?

Answer 14

By using a repeated measures design in his experiment he produced a risk of practice effects

Question 15

What is a limitation of Baddeley et al’s experiment?

Answer 15

Baddeley et al