working memory model (wmm)

Question 1

who created the working memory model?

Answer 1

Badderley and Hitch

Question 2

what are parts of the working memory model?

Answer 2

central executive=>three slave systems:
-visuo-spatial sketchpad
-episodic buffer
-the phonological loop (later subdivided into phonological store + articulatory process by Badderley (1986)

Question 3

what is the function of the central executive?

Answer 3

-directs attention to tasks=> decides what working memory pays attention to
-determines how resources (slave systems) are allocated=> makes decisions about which issues deserve attention and which should be ignored

Question 4

what is the capacity of the central executive?

Answer 4

limited, info cant be held for long, not a store

Question 5

how does the central executive encode?

Answer 5

through sensory stimuli

Question 6

what is the function of the phonological loop?

Answer 6

to deal with auditory information, constantly rehearses and repeats info

Question 7

what is the capacity of the phonological loop?

Answer 7

limited

Question 8

what categories did Baddeley further divide the phonological loop into and when?

Answer 8

1986, phonological store + articulatory process

Question 9

what is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 9

temporarily holds + mainpulates verbal and spatial info

Question 10

how is the visuo-spatial sketchpad encoded?

Answer 10

from observing images or LTM

Question 11

what did Logie 1995 say?

Answer 11

two conponents; visual cache- spatial + movement info , inner scribe- stores info about form and colour

Question 12

what is dual task performance?

Answer 12

Baddeley + Hitch said that people can perform 2 tasks at the same time as long as they use different conponents of th WMM, however if they use the same part processing will slow down and cognitive overload will occur.

Question 13

when was the episodic buffer added?

Answer 13

2000 by Baddeley

Question 14

why did Baddeley add the episodic buffer to the WMM?

Answer 14

It combines information from the other sub-systems with long term memory and links to wider cognitive processes such as perception
- temporary store to integrate the acoustic, spatial and visual info processed by other subsystems
- maintains a sense of sequencing
- has a limited capacity of about four chunks (Baddeley 2012)

Question 15

EQ; describe the phonological loop?

Answer 15

• deals with auditory into and preserves the order in which the info arrives.
• the phonological loop is further subdivided into the articulatory process which allows maintenance rehearsal which means sounds or words are kept in a loop to keep them in the phonological store while they are needed.
• the phonological store stores auditory information

Question 16

EQ; explain one weakness of the working memory model?

Answer 16

model has been added to, model itself was an inadequate explanation of memory, episodic buffer added by Baddeley in 2000

Question 17

EQ; explain one strength of the working memory model?

Answer 17

model has expanded upon and refined the multi store model of memoryby explaining features that the MSM hadn’t like dual task performance