Working memory

Question 0

memory processes

Answer 0

the activities occuring within the memory system

Question 1

memory architecture?

Answer 1

the way in which the memory system is organised –> STRUCTURE

Question 2

original multistore memory

- architecture, capacity…

Answer 2

SENSORY STORES - larger capacity, holds info in its original sensory modality
STM - limited capacity, storage is fragile, things ‘fall off’ once capacity is full
LTM - unlimited capacity, holds info over long peroid of time

Question 3

criticisms of original multistore model of memory

Answer 3

• stm and ltm are NOT UNITARY
• over emphasis of structural aspects of memory rather then processes
• stm is NOT the gateway to ltm, the systems are interconnected
• impairment of stm does not necessarily lead to impairement of ltm (patient KF)

Question 4

component of Bradley & Hitch’s working memory (that replaced the concept of the STM store)

Answer 4

central executive
phonological loop
episodic buffer
visuo-spatial sketchpad

Question 5

• modality free
• limited capcity
• resembles attention
• deals with any cog demanding tasks

Answer 5

central tendency

Question 6

phonolgical loop

Answer 6

• limited capcity
• holds info in speech based form (inner ear)
• involved in learning new words
• auditory word better then visual

Question 7

central executive is based on he model of attentional control, what is this?

Answer 7

SAS

& contention scheduling

Question 8

what is the capcity of the phonolgical loop determined by?

Answer 8

articulatory duration (not phonological complexity)
i.e; word length effect

Question 9

word length effect?

Answer 9

immediate serial recall is lower for words taking a long time to say.

… short words easier to recall

Question 10

visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 10

• limited capacity
• storage and manipulaiton of spatial & visual info (inner eye)
• consists of 2 components; VISUAL CACHE & INNER SCRIBE

Question 11

what are the components in the visuo-spatial sketchpad? what do they do?

Answer 11

1. visual cache
   = stores info about visual form and colour
2. inner scribe
   = processes spatial and movement info

Question 12

episodic buffer

added later

Answer 12

holds and INTERGRATES diverse info (e.g., from phonological loop,visuo-spatial sketchpad and ltm)

this component shows the connection, and how ltm could influence immediate recall

Question 13

all systems in the working memory are…

Answer 13

thought to be limited in capacity and relatively independent

Question 14

from working memory theory, what does it tell us about 2 tasks using the same/seperate components?

Answer 14

• if 2 tasks use the same component they cannot perform succesfully together
• if 2 tasks use separate components it should be possible to perform them as well together as separately

Question 15

digit span across language - why chinese remember more numbers?

Answer 15

articulatory duration; their numbers are monosyllabic and short in duration

Question 16

visual inference and spatial inference

Answer 16

vis - viewing abstract object/painting/vis stimuli….reduces visual memory
spatial - reduced spatial memory (corsi block task; experimenter taps block in order, subject imitates the sequence)

Question 17

auditory vs visual presentation in phonological loop

Answer 17

auditory presentation has direct access to phonological store.
visual presentation has indirect access by means of articulatory control process (say it to yourself so it becomes auditory)

Question 18

model of attentional control is…..

Answer 18

two forms of attentional control in conflict resolution (stroop task)

Question 19

contention scheduling

Answer 19

• (attentional control model)
• prioritizes the highest activate schema on the basis of the strength of the schema
• e.g., word reading is stronger, more automatic than colour naming

Question 20

supervisory attentional system (SAS)

Answer 20

(model of attentional control)
- fully conscious control can control action schema according to goal of task (choose to name colour rather then read word)

Question 21

what can the impairment of SAS lead to)

located in pre frontal cortex

Answer 21

• UTLIZATION BEHAVIOUR
  ‘pantry mind’ captured by a cue and performing the action at an innapropriate time
• DYSESECUTIVE SYNDROME
  individual functions intact (language/memory) but lose sight of overall scheme

Question 22

executive processes identified by Bradeley

Answer 22

1. ability to focus
2. ability to divide attention
3. ability to switch attention
4. ability to relate the content of working memory to long-term memory

Question 23

Miyake’s perspective

Answer 23

3 partially independent functions

1. inhibition function
2. shifting function
3. updating function

Question 24

working memory and STM; components?

Answer 24

working memory use of subcomponents while STM are specific to one component

Question 25

what memory system/model is domain specific (e.g., verbal memory, digit span)

Answer 25

stm

Question 26

involve trying to maintain info in active memory while simulaneously performing distracting activites

Answer 26

working memory

Question 27

Articulatory suppression?

Answer 27

Concurrent articulation ‘blah blah blah’

Eliminates phonological similarity effect and word length effect for VISUAL stimuli, not auditory