Working memory Flashcards
memory processes
the activities occuring within the memory system
memory architecture?
the way in which the memory system is organised –> STRUCTURE
original multistore memory
- architecture, capacity…
SENSORY STORES - larger capacity, holds info in its original sensory modality
STM - limited capacity, storage is fragile, things ‘fall off’ once capacity is full
LTM - unlimited capacity, holds info over long peroid of time
criticisms of original multistore model of memory
- stm and ltm are NOT UNITARY
- over emphasis of structural aspects of memory rather then processes
- stm is NOT the gateway to ltm, the systems are interconnected
- impairment of stm does not necessarily lead to impairement of ltm (patient KF)
component of Bradley & Hitch’s working memory (that replaced the concept of the STM store)
central executive
phonological loop
episodic buffer
visuo-spatial sketchpad
- modality free
- limited capcity
- resembles attention
- deals with any cog demanding tasks
central tendency
phonolgical loop
- limited capcity
- holds info in speech based form (inner ear)
- involved in learning new words
- auditory word better then visual
central executive is based on he model of attentional control, what is this?
SAS
& contention scheduling
what is the capcity of the phonolgical loop determined by?
articulatory duration (not phonological complexity) i.e; word length effect
word length effect?
immediate serial recall is lower for words taking a long time to say.
… short words easier to recall
visuo-spatial sketchpad
- limited capacity
- storage and manipulaiton of spatial & visual info (inner eye)
- consists of 2 components; VISUAL CACHE & INNER SCRIBE
what are the components in the visuo-spatial sketchpad? what do they do?
- visual cache
= stores info about visual form and colour - inner scribe
= processes spatial and movement info
episodic buffer
added later
holds and INTERGRATES diverse info (e.g., from phonological loop,visuo-spatial sketchpad and ltm)
this component shows the connection, and how ltm could influence immediate recall
all systems in the working memory are…
thought to be limited in capacity and relatively independent
from working memory theory, what does it tell us about 2 tasks using the same/seperate components?
- if 2 tasks use the same component they cannot perform succesfully together
- if 2 tasks use separate components it should be possible to perform them as well together as separately
digit span across language - why chinese remember more numbers?
articulatory duration; their numbers are monosyllabic and short in duration
visual inference and spatial inference
vis - viewing abstract object/painting/vis stimuli….reduces visual memory
spatial - reduced spatial memory (corsi block task; experimenter taps block in order, subject imitates the sequence)
auditory vs visual presentation in phonological loop
auditory presentation has direct access to phonological store.
visual presentation has indirect access by means of articulatory control process (say it to yourself so it becomes auditory)
model of attentional control is…..
two forms of attentional control in conflict resolution (stroop task)
contention scheduling
- (attentional control model)
- prioritizes the highest activate schema on the basis of the strength of the schema
- e.g., word reading is stronger, more automatic than colour naming
supervisory attentional system (SAS)
(model of attentional control)
- fully conscious control can control action schema according to goal of task (choose to name colour rather then read word)
what can the impairment of SAS lead to)
located in pre frontal cortex
- UTLIZATION BEHAVIOUR
‘pantry mind’ captured by a cue and performing the action at an innapropriate time - DYSESECUTIVE SYNDROME
individual functions intact (language/memory) but lose sight of overall scheme
executive processes identified by Bradeley
- ability to focus
- ability to divide attention
- ability to switch attention
- ability to relate the content of working memory to long-term memory
Miyake’s perspective
3 partially independent functions
- inhibition function
- shifting function
- updating function
working memory and STM; components?
working memory use of subcomponents while STM are specific to one component
what memory system/model is domain specific (e.g., verbal memory, digit span)
stm
involve trying to maintain info in active memory while simulaneously performing distracting activites
working memory
Articulatory suppression?
Concurrent articulation ‘blah blah blah’
Eliminates phonological similarity effect and word length effect for VISUAL stimuli, not auditory
