visual info processing & attention

Question 0

selective processing

Answer 0

selective processing = reducing load of visual processing by FILTERing info

Question 1

brain mechanisms for TMI

Answer 1

selective processing = reducing load of visual processing by FILTERing info
selective attention = focusing on specific objects and ignoring others

Question 2

selective attention

Answer 2

selective attention = focusing on specific objects and ignoring others

Question 3

retinal filtering (selective processing)

Answer 3

only process colour in small portion of retinal field….in the central field near fovea

Question 4

cortical filtering (selective information processing)

Answer 4

fine details are only represented in central vision (HD in center)

Question 5

what controls the ‘spotlight’ of selective visual information processing

Answer 5

eye movement

Question 6

saccades

Answer 6

small rapid eye movements (in guided filtering)

Question 7

fixations

Answer 7

pauses in eye movements that indicate where a person is attending (approx 3 fixations per second)

Question 8

what is the term for..

areas of stimuli that attract attention due to their properties. / determines where we look

Answer 8

stimulus salience

colour, contrast, orientation etc.

Question 9

what type of process is stimulus salience?

Answer 9

bottom up processing

Question 10

scheme schema

Answer 10

prior knowledge about what is found in typical scenes, fixations are influenced by this knowledge (know where to look for a microwave)

so eye movement is also voluntary/task driven

Question 11

what overrides what

• stimulus saliency
• task demands

Answer 11

tasks demands override stimulus saliency

Question 12

difference between attention and eye movemt

Answer 12

can attend to something without moving our eyes

Question 13

what comes first, eye movement of shifts of attention

Answer 13

shifts of attention precedes eye movements

Question 14

what are the types of SHIFTING ATTENTION across the visual field

Answer 14

1. exogenous attention
2. endogenous attention
3. dynamic attention

Question 15

exogneous attention

Answer 15

way of shifting attention
guided by bottom up
rapid shift geared toward survival

Question 16

endogenous attention

Answer 16

shifting attention
guided by top down
slow shifts that are goal directed

Question 17

dynamic attention

Answer 17

switch attention
guided by top down
smooth shifts of attention over time

Question 18

divided attention

Answer 18

= paying attention to more then one thing at a time

this ability is limited

Question 19

attended objects are processed…

Answer 19

more efficiently better acuity, recognition, performance

Question 20

binding

Answer 20

= process by which features are combined to create perception of coherent objects

Question 21

binding problem

Answer 21

features of objects are processed separately in different aareas of the brain. how does attention bind all this info?

Question 22

FEATURE INTEGRATION THEORY

Answer 22

object -> preattentive stage (features are free floating, separate) -> focused attention stage (bind features together) -> percpetion

Question 23

illusory conjunctions

Answer 23

= features that should be associated with an object become incorrectly associated with another (red orange, orange apple)

Question 24

what eliminates illusory conjunction?

Answer 24

attending to the objects

Question 25

balint’s syndrome and illusory conjunction

Answer 25

balint’s syndrome = patients with PARIETAL LOBE damage, can’t see 2 objects at the same time

Question 26

the visual search paradigm

Answer 26

search for a target among distractors, how is RT affected by the number of items searched?

Question 27

pop out search

Answer 27

a red circle pop outs sorrounded by blue

Question 28

serial search

Answer 28

looking at more features then pop out search

Question 29

spatial attention

Answer 29

attention directed to a LOCATION (‘spotlight’) in the visual field

Question 30

feature-based attention

Answer 30

attention directed toward a feature (e.g., colour)

Question 31

object-based attention

Answer 31

attention can select an entire object (all the object’s features)

Question 32

physiology of attention

Answer 32

neurons in parietal lobe respond well when attending to source (monkey experiment)

Question 33

visual hierarchy of attention; where is attentional enhancement greater?

Answer 33

attentional enhancement is greater in higher visual areas

Question 34

synchrony hypothesis

Answer 34

neurons firing to same object synchronize with each other (binding in the brain)

Question 35

hat happens when we don’t attend to somethng? perception without attention

Answer 35

info falls out

some info is processed outside of attention if its of high importance

Question 36

attention and autism

Answer 36

autistic participants attend to socially irrelevant stimuli.
Because they pay attention to different stimuli in social situations, may lead them to perceiving the world differently