episodic memory Flashcards
declarative memory
= factual info
division of long term memory (4)
declarative memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
= actions, perceptual and motor skills
semantic memory
= general knowledge about the world, concepts, language
episodic memory
= dated recollections of event
events are tied to temporal and spatial contexts
encoding
transformation of input into a suitable formal
maintenance (rote) rehersal…efecttive?
NOT effective
craik & lockhart’s levels of processing framework
- continuum of progressively deeper processing
visual –> phonological –> semantic - retention
retention
a function of the depth of processing, the deeper you process it the better you remember it
words that need semantic processes….
are encoded better
complexity of a sentence
increases recall
elaboration makes…..
the item more distinctive
torage
maintaining info
retrieval
getting info out of storage
memory performance depends on…
how it is tested
free recall
“tell me the words i just showed you”
cued recall
“tell me a word i showed you that starts with my-“
recognition
‘was “mystery” in the list i showed you?’
implicit retrieval
“tell me the first word that comes to mind that starts with my-“
encoding specificty principle (Tulving)
memory performance depends on the match between the context at encoding and the context at retreival
if recall is better when the output cue matched the input cue. What does this support?
supports the encoding specificity principle
recognition failure of recallable words (tulving & thompson)
Ss asked to recall or recognise target words
recall task better (encoding specificity principle) recall in same context, recognition phase you circle words, no cues, different context
recognise vs recall tasks
recall better…CONTEXT
the match between encoding and text context is import. BUT what does it depend upon
the type of memory test
2 types of context?
- intrinsic = has a direct impact on the meaning of to-be-remembered word
- extrinsic = does not change meaning of to be rememberd word (environment, mood) affect recall but not recognition
change of environment context affects…..
recall but not recognition
what is recall?
involves self-generating retrieval cues
development implication of young children and elderly in recall/recognition
perform much worse in free recall than cued recall or recognition.
implication for child witness
repetition priming
refers to facilitation (better performance) as a result of prior exposure
implicit vs. explicit memory test
performances on both tests are dissociated (different)
episodic memory for amnesic patients
- perform just as well as control for implicit/indirect test of memory (word completion)
- perform worse than control on explicit (conventional) memory tasks
amnesia
explicit vs. implicit memory
have impaired explicit memory but intact implicit memory (implicit does not require distinguishing between contexts)
amnesia
memory binding
amnesics lack the ability to bind voices [context]with words when same voice used in learning and recall.
assumed memory is based on familiarity and recollection
asuumed memory (memory binding) is based on familiarity and recollection. what are these?
familiarity = memory based on assesment of strngth [known response] recollection = memory acquired by retrieval of context [remember response]
Assumed memory(memory binding) is based on what?
Familiarity and recollection
