Working Capital Flashcards
Claw is preparing its cash flow forecast for the next quarter.
Which of the following items should be excluded from the calculations?
A - The receipt of a bank loan that has been raised for the purpose of investment in a new rolling mill
B - Depreciation of the new rolling mill
C - A tax payment that is due to be made, but which relates to profits earned in a previous accounting period
D - Disposal proceeds from the sale of the old rolling mill
B - Depreciation of the new rolling mill
This is a non-cash item and should therefore be excluded
A cash budget has been drawn up as follows:
January:
Receipts
Credit sales: 10,000 (JAN), 11,000 (FEB), 12,500 (March)
Cash sales: 5,000 (J), 4,500 (F), 6,000 (M)
Payments:
Suppliers: 6,500 (J), 4,200 (F), 7,800 (M)
Wages: 2,300 (J), 2,300 (F), 3,000 (M)
Overheads: 1,500 (J), 1,750 (F), 1,900 (M)
Opening cash: 500 (JAN)
The closing cash balance for March is budgeted to be:
A - £5,800
B - £12,450
C - £17,750
D - £18,250
D - £18,250
January:
Receipts
Credit sales: 10,000
Cash sales: 5,000
= 15,000
Payments
Suppliers: 6,500
Wages: 2,300
Overheads: 1,500
= 10,300
Opening cash: 500
Net cash receipts: 4,700 (15,000 - 10,300)
Closing cash = 5,200
February:
Receipts:
Credit sales: 11,000
Cash sales: 4,500
=15,500
Payments
Suppliers: 4,200
Wages: 2,300
Overheads: 1,750
= 8,250
Opening cash: 5,200
Net cash receipts: 7,250
Closing cash = 12,450
March:
Receipts
Credit sales: 12,500
Cash sales: 6,000
= 18,500
Payments
Suppliers: 7,800
Wages: 3,000
Overheads: 1,900
= 12,700
Opening cash: 12,450
Net cash receipts: 5,800
Closing cash = 18,250
A machine that was bought in January 20X1 for £44,000 and has been depreciated by £8,000 per year, is expected to be sold in December 20X3 for £17,600.
What is the net cash inflow or (outflow) that will appear in the cash budget for December 20X3?
A - £9,000 inflow
B - £15,200 inflow
C - £17,600 inflow
D - £17,600 outflow
C - £17,600 inflow
Depreciation and profits and losses on sales are accounting entries only. The only amount that will
appear in the cash budget is the receipt of the £17,600 sale proceeds
Jason is preparing a cash budget for July. His actual credit sales are:
April 40,000
May 30,000
June 20,000
July 25,000
His recent debt collection experience has been as follows:
Current month’s sales 20%
Prior month’s sales 60%
Sales two months prior 10%
Cash discounts taken 5%
Bad debts 5%
How much should Jason budget to collect from customers during July?
A - £19,750
B - £20,000
C - £22,000
D - £26,000
B - £20,000
July receipts
(Ignore the discounts: the percentages add to 100 so discounts have already been accounted for)
20% July sales = £5,000
60% June sales = £12,000
10% May sales = £3,000
Total = £20,000
Lotsa plc has budgeted that sales will be £101,500 in January 20X2, £580,500 in February, £215,000 in March and £320,500 in April.
Half of sales will be credit sales. 80% of customers are expected to pay in the month after sale, 15%
in the second month after sale, while the remaining 5% are expected to be bad debts.
Customers who pay in the month after sale can claim a 4% early settlement discount
What level of sales receipts should be shown in the cash budget for March 20X2 (to the nearest £)?
A - £338,025
B - £347,313
C - £568,550
D - £587,125
A - £338,025
Half-receipts: £107,500
80% x (580,500/2) less 4% credit discount so x 96% = £222,912
15% x (101,500/2) = £7,612.50»_space; 7,613
—
338,025
A company has a two-month receivables cycle. It receives in cash 45% of the total gross sales value in the month of invoicing.
Bad debts are 7% of total gross sales value and there is a 10% discount for settling accounts within
30 days.
What percentage of the first month’s sales will be received as cash in the second month?
A - 38%
B - 43%
C - 48%
D - 58%
Suppose the total gross invoiced sales is £100.
Cash received 45%.
But these customers have taken a 10% discount before paying, hence the gross value of bills settled
is 45/0.9 = £50
Bad debts 7% = £7
Balancing figure ie, received in month two = £43
Total = £100
From the customer collection records of Low Ltd, it is possible to determine that 60% of invoices are paid in the month after sale, 30% in the second month after sale and 5% in the third month after sale.
Invoices are raised on the last day of each month and 5% become bad debts.
Customers who settle in the month after sale are entitled to a 4% settlement discount. Budgeted
credit sales in January 20X6 are £221,500, in February £332,000, in March £175,000 and in April
£384,000
What is the amount budgeted to be received in April from credit sales (to the nearest £)?
A - £211,475
B - £215,675
C - £290,284
D - £299,500
A - £211,475
April:
60% x 175,000 x 96% (settlement discount) = 100,800
30% x 332,000 = 99,600
5% x 221,500 = 11,075
—
211,475
A company anticipates that 10,000 units of product Z will be sold during August.
Each unit of Z requires two litres of raw material W.
Actual inventories as at 1 August and budgeted inventories as at 31 August are:
Product Z (units): 14,000 (1 Aug), 15,000 (31 Aug)
Raw materials W (litres): 20,000 (1 Aug), 15,000 (31 Aug)
A litre of W costs £1.50. If the company pays for all purchases in the month of acquisition, what is the
payment for August purchases of W?
A - £17,000
B - £25,500
C - £33,000
D - £34,500
B - £25,500
Production of Z: (units)
Sales requirement 10,000
Closing inventory 15,000
—
25,000
Opening inventory (14,000)
Budgeted production 11,000
Purchases of W: (litres)
Purchase requirement (11,000 units × 2 litres) 22,000
Closing inventory 15,000
—-
37,000
Opening inventory (20,000)
—
17,000
Cost at £1.50 per litre £25,500
Sam is a trading company that holds no inventories. Each month the following relationships hold:
Gross profit 40% of sales
Closing trade payables 30% of cost of sales
Sales are budgeted to be £48,500 in April and £36,500 in May.
How much cash is budgeted to be paid in May to suppliers?
A - £19,740
B - £21,900
C - £23,340
D - £24,060
D - £24,060
April cost of sales = 60% × £48,500 = £29,100
Closing payables balance for
April = £29,100 × 30% = £8,730
May cost of sales = 60% × £36,500 = £21,900
Closing payables balance for
May = £21,900 × 30% = £6,570
Reduction in payables balance
in May = £2,160
Cost of sales for May = £21,900
Supplier Payments in May
= £24,060
The reduction in the payables balance should have been added, since this means that higher payments
were made to suppliers to reduce the balance owed
The budgeted sales for the first six months of Bendy Ltd’s business are:
January 60,000
February 75,000
March 84,000
April 90,000
May 90,000
June 87,000
Bendy Ltd (Bendy) wishes to maintain inventory levels, as at the end of each month, to cover sales for
the following three months. Purchases are made at the beginning of each month, and suppliers are
to be paid after two months. Bendy will operate a 40% mark-up on costs.
The payment to be made to suppliers in May is (to the nearest £)
A - £52,200
B - £62,143
C - £64,286
D - £87,000
B - £62,143
Bendy will pay for March’s purchases in May.
In March, he will top up inventories by those required for June’s sales.
Cost of goods sold in June = £87,000 × 100/(100 + 40) = £62,143
The more traditional approach to calculating this would be:
March opening inventory =
(84,000 + 90,000 + 90,000) ×
100/140 = (£188,571)
March closing inventory =
(90,000 + 90,000 + 87,000) ×
100/140 = £190,714
March cost of sales = 84,000 × 100/140 = £60,000
£62,143
The following is an extract from an entity’s budget for next month
Sales £520,000
Gross profit on sales 30%
Increase in trade payables over the month £15,000
Decrease in cost of inventory held over the month £22,000
The budgeted payment to trade payables is:
A - £327,000
B - £357,000
C - £371,000
D - £401,000
A - £327,000
Cost of sales for month = £520,000 × 70% 364,000
Increase in trade payables (15,000)
Decrease in inventory (22,000)
Budgeted payment to trade payables 327,000
A company is preparing the budget for a product, and the following data has been provided:
Planned sales (units)
Month 1: 2,000
Month 2: 2,200
Month 3: 2,500
Month 4: 2,600
Closing inventory in each month must be 50% of the next month’s sales. Suppliers are paid in the
month following purchase. The standard cost of materials is £4 per unit
What is the budgeted payment to suppliers in Month 3?
A - £8,200
B - £9,400
C - £10,000
D - £10,200
B - £9,400
Month 1: (units)
Sales: 2,000
Closing inventory: 1,100
Opening inventory: (1,000)
Purchases: 2,100
Payments (£)
Month 2:
Sales: 2,200
Closing inventory: 1,250
Opening inventory: (1,100)
Purchases: 2,350
Payments (£) 2,100 x 4 = 8,400
Month 3:
Sales: 2,500
Closing inventory: 1,300
Opening inventory: (1,250)
Purchases: 2,550
Payments (£) 2,350 (previous month) x 4 = 9,400
Each unit of product Zeta requires 3 kg of raw material and four direct labour hours. Material costs £2 per kg and the direct labour rate is £7 per hour.
The production budget for Zeta for April to June is as follows:
Production units: 7,800 (April), 8,400 (May), 8,200 (June)
Raw material opening inventories are budgeted as follows::
3,800 (April), 4,200 (May), 4,100 (June)
The closing inventory budgeted for June is 3,900 kg.
Material purchases are paid for in the month following purchase.
The figure to be included in the cash budget for June in respect of payments for purchases is
A - £25,100
B - £48,800
C - £50,200
D - £50,600
Wages are paid 75% in the month of production and 25% in the following month
The figures to be included in the cash budget for May in respect of wages is
E - £222,600
F - £231,000
G - £233.800
H - £235,200
4,200 / 3 = 1,400
1,400 x (3 x 2) = £8,400 material cost
Labour hours: 4 x £7 per unit = £28
28 x 1,400 = £39,200
C - £50,200
Payments in June will be in respect of May purchases.
Production requirements (8,400 units × 3 kg) 25,200 kg
Closing inventory 4,100 kg
= 29,300 kg
Less opening inventory (4,200) kg
Purchase budget 25,100 kg
25,100 kg × £2 per kg = payment for purchases in June = £50,200
F - £231,000
75% × May wages cost = 75% × 8,400 × £7 × 4 hours 176,400
25% × April wages cost = 25% × 7,800 × £7 × 4 hours 54,600
Wage payments for May = 176,400 + 54,600 = 231,000
Aaron Products is considering the implementation of a revised receivables policy, which will result in an increase in the average collection period from the current 60 days to 90 days. This is expected to lead to a 20% increase in annual sales revenue, currently £960,000, resulting in additional inventories and trade payables of £30,000 and £15,000 respectively. It is expected that all customers will take advantage of the extended credit period.
The net increase in working capital investment that would result from the change in policy, assuming
a 360-day year, is
A - £31,000
B - £95,000
C - £113,000
D - £143,000
D - £143,000
Average receivables after change in policy 90/360 × £960,000 × 120% = 288,000
Less: current average receivables 60/360 × £960,000 = (160,000)
Increase in receivables = 128,000
Increase in inventories + 30,000
Increase in payables (15,000)
———-
Net increase in working capital investment = 143,000
In order to improve operational cash flows, indicate whether a business needs to increase or decrease each of the following:
Receivables:
A - Increase
B - Decrease
Inventory
C - Increase
D - Decrease
The credit period from trade suppliers:
E - Increase
F - Decrease
B - Decrease receivables
D - Decrease inventory
E - Increase the credit period taken from suppliers
Which two of the following actions would be appropriate if the cash budget identified a short-term cash deficit?
A - Issue shares
B - Pay suppliers early
C - Arrange an overdraft
D - Implement better credit control procedures
E - Replace non-current assets
C - Arrange an overdraft
D - Implement better credit control procedures
Arranging short-term finance in the form of an overdraft and encouraging receivables to pay sooner
will alleviate the short-term cash deficit problem
A telephone business has annual sales of £1.1 million and a gross profit margin of 10%. It is currently experiencing short-term cash flow difficulties and intends to delay its payments to trade suppliers by one month
To the nearest £, the amount by which the cash balance will benefit in the short term from this
change in policy, assuming sales are spread evenly over the year, and inventory levels remain
constant throughout, is:
A - £82,500
B - £83,333
C - £91,667
D - £100,833
A - £82,500
Gross profit = 10% sales, and cost of sales = 90% sales
Annual cost of sales = 90% ×£1.1m = £990,000
As inventories remain constant, this is also the annual purchase cost, which is spread evenly over the
year.
Thus one month’s purchases = £990,000/12 = £82,500.
This is the value of one month’s extra trade credit, ie, the cash benefit to be derived from delaying
payment by one month
A company’s cash budget highlights a short-term surplus in the near future
Which two of the following actions would not be appropriate to make use of the surplus?
A - Increase inventories and receivables to improve customer service
B - Buy back the company’s shares
C - Increase payables by delaying payments to suppliers
D - Invest in a short-term deposit account
B - Buy back the company’s shares
C - Increase payables by delaying payments to suppliers
Buying back the company’s shares would be a suitable use of a long-term surplus (but not short-
term), by returning surplus cash to the shareholders.
Increasing payables would increase the surplus still further because additional credit would be taken
from suppliers