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CellBio > Work Sheet #1 Definitions > Flashcards

Work Sheet #1 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything the occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Mass

A

Is the amount of matter in any object, which doesn’t change

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3
Q

Weight

A

the force of gravity acting on matter, does change

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4
Q

Atom

A

the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions

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5
Q

Element

A
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6
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms joined together

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7
Q

Chemical Symbol

A

1 or 2 letters of the elements name in English latin or another language

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8
Q

Ion

A

is a particle that has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal numbers or protons and electrons.

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9
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged ion

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10
Q

Chemistry

A

the science of the structure and interactions of matter

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11
Q

Free Radical

A

has an unpaired electron in its outermost electron shell

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12
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

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13
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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14
Q

Chemical Bond

A

The force that hold together the atoms of a molecule or a compound

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15
Q

Metabolism

A

Is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

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16
Q

Catalyst

A

chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

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17
Q

Solvent

A

dissolves other substances

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18
Q

Anabolism

A

A raising up, the building up of a complex chemical substance from smaller simpler components

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19
Q

Catabolism

A

Throwing Down, the breakdown of complex chemical substance from smaller simpler components

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20
Q

Solution

A

a mix of a solvent and solute

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21
Q

Solute

A

component of a solution that is dissolved.

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22
Q

Salt

A

when dissolved in water, dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is H+ or OH-

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23
Q

Acid

A

is a substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions

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24
Q

Base

A

removes H+ from a solution and therefore is a proton acceptor

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25
Q

pH Scale

A

expresses a solutions acidity or alkalinity

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26
Q

Hydrophillic

A

water loving, dissolves easily in water

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27
Q

Hydrophobic

A

water fearing, does not dissolve easily in water

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28
Q

Concentration

A
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29
Q

Carbohydrates

A

sugars glycogen, starches, and cellulose

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30
Q

Monosaccharides

A

simple sugars that contain from 3-7 carbon atoms

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31
Q

Lipid

A

fats

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32
Q

Fatty Acid

A

consist of a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain. can be saturated or unsaturated

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33
Q

Triglycerides

A

the most plentiful lipid in the body, contains a single glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

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34
Q

Proteins

A

large molecules that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

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35
Q

Amino Acids

A

the monomers of proteins

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36
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, forms the genetic material of the cell

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37
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid, relays instructions from the genes to guide each cells synthesis of proteins from amino acids

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38
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate, is the energy currency of living systems

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39
Q

Cell

A

smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

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40
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

the flexible outer surface, separating the cells internal environment from the external

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41
Q

Lipid Bilayer

A

the basic structural framework of the plasma membrane, 2 back to back layers pf 3 types of lipid molecules

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42
Q

Selective Permeability

A

permits some substances to pass more readily than others

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43
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

is a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane

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44
Q

Passive Process

A

the principle of diffusion

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45
Q

Diffusion

A

is the passive process in which the random mixing of particles in a solution occurs because of the particles kinetic energy.

46
Q

Osmosis

A

is a type of diffusion in which there is a net movement of a solvent thru a selectively permeable membrane

47
Q

Isotonic

A

relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as another solution.

48
Q

Hypertonic

A

higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid

49
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid

50
Q

Active Transport

A

process that transports solutes across the membrane against a concentration gradient

51
Q

Vesicle

A

small spherical sac that transport a variety of substances from one structure to another within cells

52
Q

Exocytosis

A

materials move out of a cell by the fushion with the plasma membrane of vesicles formed inside the cell

53
Q

Endocytosis

A

cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane

54
Q

Cytosol

A

the fluid portion the cytoplasm that surrounds organelles and constitutes about 55% of the total cell volume

55
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytosol.

56
Q

Organelle

A

are specialized structures within the cell that have characteristic shapes and the perform certain function in cell growth maintenance and reproduction.

57
Q

Nucleus

A
58
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A
59
Q

Chromosomes

A
60
Q

Chromatids

A
61
Q

Germ Cell

A
62
Q

Somatic Cell

A
63
Q

Mitosis

A
64
Q

Cytokinesis

A
65
Q

Meiosis

A
66
Q

Haploid

A
67
Q

Diploid

A
68
Q

Necrosis

A
69
Q

Telomere

A
70
Q

Autoimmune

A
71
Q

Tissues

A
72
Q

Histology

A
73
Q

Cull Junction

A
74
Q

Basement Membranes

A
75
Q

Stratified

A
76
Q

Simple

A
77
Q

Pseudostratified

A
78
Q

Cuboidal

A
79
Q

Columnar

A
80
Q

Squamous

A
81
Q

Ground Substance

A
82
Q

Fibers

A
83
Q

Sprain

A
84
Q

Connective tissues proper

A
85
Q

Loose connective tissue

A
86
Q

Dense Connective tissue

A
87
Q

Supporting connective tissue

A
88
Q

Membrane

A
89
Q

Mucous membrane

A
90
Q

Serous membrane

A
91
Q

cutaneous membrane

A
92
Q

parietal layer

A
93
Q

visceral layer

A
94
Q

synovial membrane

A
95
Q

Muscle tissue

A
96
Q

cardiac muscle

A
97
Q

smooth muscle

A
98
Q

skeletal muscle

A
99
Q

neuron

A
100
Q

neuroglia

A
101
Q

excitable cell

A
102
Q

tissue repair

A
103
Q

stroma

A
104
Q

Parenchyma

A
105
Q

stem cell

A
106
Q

tissue regeneration

A
107
Q

fibrosis

A
108
Q

granulation tissue

A
109
Q

adhesion

A
110
Q

adhesion

A

CellBio (5 decks)

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