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An Intro to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of structures

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of how body parts work

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3
Q

What are the Levels of Structural Organization

A

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

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4
Q

What are the 11 Systems of the Human Body?

A

Integumentary, Lymphatic, Muscular, Skeletal, Endocrine, Reproductive, Urinary, Respiratory, Nervous, Digestive, Cardiovascular

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5
Q

Components of the Integumentary System

A

Skin, Hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands

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6
Q

Functions of the Integumentary System

A

Protects body, regulates body temp, eliminates some wastes, helps make Vit D, detects sensations, stores fats, provides insulation.

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7
Q

Components of the skeletal system

A

Bones, joints, cartilage

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8
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

supports and protects the body, provides surface area for muscle attachments, aids in movement, houses cells that proceed blood cells, stores minerals + lipids

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9
Q

Components of the muscular system

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

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10
Q

Function of muscular system

A

aids in body movement such as walking, maintaining posture, producing heat

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11
Q

Components of the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord,nerves, special sense organs (eyes + ears)

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12
Q

Function of nervous system

A

generates action potential (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, detect changes, interpret change, responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

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13
Q

Components of the Endocrine system

A

Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

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14
Q

Function of the Endocrine system

A

regulates body activities by releasing hormones

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15
Q

Components of the cardiovascular system

A

Blood, heart, blood vessels

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16
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system

A

heart pumps blood thru vessels, carries O2 + nutrients to cells and carries CO2 and wastes away from the cells, helps regulate acid base + Temp + water content of body fluids, helps defend against disease and repairs damaged blood vessels

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17
Q

Components of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic fluid+vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, T cells, B cells.

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18
Q

Function of the lymphatic system

A

Returns proteins + fluid to blood, carries lipids from the GI tract to blood, contains sites of maturation and Proliferation of T cells and B cells that protect agains disease causing microbes

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19
Q

What is maturations?

A

the process of maturing

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20
Q

What is proliferation?

A

rapid reproduction of a cells

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21
Q

Components of the respiratory system

A

Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes

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22
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

Transfers O2 from inhaled air to blood, and CO2 from blood to expelled air, helps regulate acid base balance, creates vocalizations

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23
Q

Components of the digestive system

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm intestines, lg intestines, anus, Accessory organs (salvary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder)

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24
Q

Function of the digestive system

A

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste

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25
Components of the Urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
26
function of the urinary system
produces+stores+eliminatesurine, helps maintain acid base and mineral base balances, helps regulate the production of red blood cells
27
Components of the reproductive system
ovaries, testes, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, epididymis, vas deferense, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis
28
Function of the reproductive system
gonads produce games that form new organisms, gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction + other body processes, associated organ transportation + store gametes, mammary glands produce milk
29
What are basic life processes that humans have?
Metabolism, reproduction, movement, growth, differentiation, responsiveness.
30
What is homeostasis?
is a condition of equilibrium or balance in the body's internal environment
31
How is homeostasis maintained?
It is maintained by the body's regulatory process
32
what is the survival of of body cells dependant on?
the precise regulation of the chemical composition of their extracellular fluid
33
what can disrupt homeostasis?
Disruptions can come from the internal or external environments
34
How is homeostasis controlled
The Feedback Loop
35
example of negative feedback
blood pressure
36
example of positive feedback
child birth
37
what can happen if there is a homeostatic imbalance?
Disease, disorder, or even death
38
What are the different body cavities?
Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominalpelvic
39
What forms the cranial cavity?
Brain and cranial bones
40
What forms the vertebral cavity?
Vertebral column, contains spinal. cord and beginning of nerve endings
41
what are the sections of the Thoracic Cavity?
Pleural, Pericardial, Mediastinum
42
What is the pleural cavity?
a potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung
43
What is the pericardial cavity?
A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart
44
What is the mediastinum?
Central portion of the thoracic cavity between lungs, extends from the sternum to vertebral column and from the 1st rib to diaphragm
45
What does the mediastinum contain?
heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, several large blood vessels.
46
What are the sections of the abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal and pelvic
47
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, sm intestine, most of lg intestine, the serous membrane (peritoneum)
48
what does the pelvic cavity contain?
bladder, portions of lg intestines, internal reproductive organs
49
what is the serous membrane?
Thin double-layered membrane that covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities, (lines the walls)
50
what are the 2 layers of the serous membrane?
Visceral, parietal
51
What does the serous membrane do?
Reduces friction.
52
what is anatomic position?
Standard position of reference for any region or part of the human body. subject stands erect, head level, eyes forward, parallel lower limbs, feet flat facing forward, upper limbs at sides, palms facing forward
53
What is prone position?
Laying face down
54
What is supine position?
Laying on your back/spine
55
what are the regions of the body?
head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs
56
Define superior
toward the head
57
define inferior
away from the head
58
define anterior
near the front of the body
59
define posterior
near the back of the body
60
define medial
near the midline
61
define lateral
farther from the midline
62
define intermediate
between 2 structures
63
define contralateral
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
64
define proximal
near the attachment to the trunk
65
define distal
further from the attachment to the trunk
66
define superficial
toward or on the surface of the body
67
define deep
away from the surface of the body
68
what are the planes of the body
sagittal, midsagittal, parasagittal, frontal/coronal, transverse, oblique
69
Define sagittal
divides body into right and left halves
70
define midsagittal
divides body into equal right and left halves
71
define parasagittal
divides body into unequal right and left halves
72
define frontal/coronal
divides into anterior and posterior halves (front and back halves)
73
define transverse
divides into superior and inferior halves (top and bottom halves)
74
define oblique
divides at any angle other than 90 degrees
75
What is retroperitoneal
the classification some organs are given because they are not surrounded by the peritoneum, rather they are posterior to it
76
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions
Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal.

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