Work Equipment (Workplace Machinery) Flashcards
Regs covering the Workplace Machinery
Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 (SMSR)
Relationship between SMSR and PUWER
SMSR places duties on the supplier to ensure machinery complies.
PUWER is concerned with worker safety and employers duty to ensure it is safe for use
Principles of Safety Integration definition
Machinery must be designed and constructed so it is fit for its function and can be operated, adjusted and maintained without putting people at risk
3 Principles of Safety Integration
Eliminate or Reduce risks
Take necessary protective measures
Inform users of the residual risks
Risk Assessment for Machinery
Determine the limits of the machinery Identify the hazards Estimate the risks Evaluate the risks Eliminate the hazards or reduce the risks
Machinery limits
Use
Space
Time
Other
Use limits
include intended use and the reasonably foreseeable missue.
Includes:
Different operating modes
Use of machinery e.g. industrial, domestic
General info about intended user population
Anticipated levels of training required
Exposure to other persons of hazards associated with the machinery
Space limits
Range of movement
Space requirements for person to interact with the machinery
Human interaction
Machine power-supply interface
Time limits
Life limit of the machinery
Recommended service intervals
Other limits
Environmental considerations
Housekeeping
Properties of materials to be processed
Risk Estimation
1) the exposure of the person to the hazard
2) the occurance of a hazardous event
3) the technical and human possibilities of avoiding or limiting the harm
Risk Evaluation
Determines if risk reduction is required or not
Risk Reduction 3 staged approach
1) Inherently Safe Design - Eliminate
2) Risk Reduction - Reduce using guards etc.
3) Provision of information - Instructions, PPE etc.
Process for CE Marking
1) Catagorise the product
2) Check application of additional directives
3) Ensure requirements of safety regs are met
4) Perform the risk assessment
5) Compile the technical file
6) Issue the declaration of conformity
7) Affix the CE mark
Mechanical Hazards - EnTICE
Entanglement Traps Impacts Contacts Ejection
Non-mechanical Hazards
Electrical Thermal Noise Vibration Radiation Materials and Substance Ergonomic Slip Trip Environmental Hazards Combination of the above
Mechanical Hazards
To do with the moving parts of the machine
Non-mechanical Hazards
To do with all other aspects
CNC Machinery
Computer Numeric Machinery. Machinery programmed with a code enabling them to repeat operations with increased speed and a high level of precision
Protective Devices PUWER Regs
Absolute duty to take effective measures to either
Prevent access to the dangerous part of the machinery or to any rotating stock-bar
To stop the movement of any dangerous part of machinery or rotating stock bar before any part of a person enters the danger zone
Hierarchy for Machine Guarding
Fixed Guards
Other guards and protection devices
Protection Appliances
Protection Devices
Stop movement of dangerous part before contact can be made e,g trip devices, light curtains, pressure sensitive mats
Protection appliances
Used to hold or manipulate a work piece at a machine whilst keeping the operators body clear of the danger zone
Fixed guards
Enclosing guard - prevents access to DZ from all sides
Distance guard - does not completely enclose DZ but prevents access due to its distance from DZ such as a perimeter fence or a tunnel guard
Advantages of fixed guards
Low cost Easy to monitor by visual inspection Can only be defeated by intentional act Min ongoing maintenance May offer additional protection for noise, dust, ejected parts
Disadvantages of fixed guards
Removal doesn’t stop the machine
If it needs to be removed regularly for maintenance it is likely to be left off
May impede operators view
May impede ventilation
Other guards
Interlocked (moveable) guards
Adjustable guards
Self-adjusting guards
Automatic (Sweep) guards
Protection Devices
Mechanical trip devices
Active Opto-Electronic Devices (AOED) - Light curtains
Pressure-sensitive mats
Two-hand controls
Interlocked guards
Machine cannot operate until guard is in place
Opening the guard whilst the machine is operating will stop the machine
Closing the guard does not by itself restart the machine
Trapped Key / Key Transfer System
The guard lock and switch are separate. The removable key is trapped in either the guard lock or switch lock.
Advantages of interlocked guards
Convenient where frequent access is required
Allow safe access when opened machine is powered down
Disadvantages of interlocked guards
Complex systems requiring regular testing and maintenance
Components may fail in use
May be defeated
Failure may not be apparent until after an incident
Self-closing guards
Automatically open and close as the work piece is put in and pulled out. The moveable guard automatically returns by spring or gravity to a closed position as soon as the work piece has been moved away
Advantages of self-closing guards
Automatically adjust to accommodate the workpiece
Disadvantages of self-closing guards
Only provide a partial guarding solution as it still allows some access to dangerous parts
Require regular maintenance and inspection
Adjustable guards
Used on traditional engineering workshop machines.
They rely on the operator to set the guard up properly for each operation
Advantages of adjustable guards
Probably the only solution when a workpiece needs to come into contact with a cutting tool
Disadvantages of adjustable guards
Have to leave part of the cutting tool accessible to do the job
May be set to accommodate the largest job on a shift and not adjusted for each piece
Can be removed and the machine is still usable.
Two-handed Controls
Can be used when guarding is impractical to ensure the operator is outside of and unable to reach the danger zone as both hands are required to use the control which is positioned away from danger
Advantages of two-handed controls
Ensures the operator is in a safe position
Disadvantages of two-handed controls
Only protects the operator
Can be defeated
Electro-Sensitive Protective Equipment (ESPE)
Light curtain or light beam device. If beam is broken the machine will stop
Advantages of Light Beams
Allow and unobstructed view of the machine
Disadvantages of Light Beams
Not suitable in all environments, dust could trigger false trips
No physical barrier so no protection from ejections or non-mech hazards
Do not protect anyone working inside the danger zone
Pressure sensitive mats
Machine shuts off when someone walks on the mat which has sensors built in. Can be prone to failure due to heavy use/footfall
Safe Maintenance Operations - PUWER
Reg 22 puts duty that maintenance can be carried out (SFARP) without risk to H&S
JSA
Job Safety Analysis - used to break a task down into component steps to identify hazards at each stage
MEEP
Materials, Equipment, Environment or People Analysis, prompts consideration of potentially unsafe acts or conditions
SSW
Safe System of Work - Formal procedure which results from a systematic examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards. It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are eliminated or risk minimised
Control Systems
A system or device which responds to input signals and generates an output signal which causes the equipment to under control to operate in a particular manner
Safety Related Control Systems
Part of the control system of a machine that forms a safety function
