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NEBOSH Diploma > Construction and Works of a temporary nature - Hazards and Controls > Flashcards

Construction and Works of a temporary nature - Hazards and Controls Flashcards

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1
Q

Range of Construction Activities

A 
Site Clearance
Demolition and Dismantling
Excavation
Loading, unloading and storage of materials
Vehicle movements
Fabrication
Decoration
Cleaning
Site Services - Utilities
Landscaping
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2
Q

Particular construction issues

A

Transitory nature of workers

Temporary nature of construction activities and the constantly changing workplace

Time pressure

Weather conditions

Literacy, numeracy and language

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3
Q

Regulations covering Construction Projects

A

Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 - CDM

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4
Q

What all construction projects must have

A

Workers with the right skills, knowledge, training and experience

Contractors providing appropriate supervision, instruction and information

A written construction phase plan

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5
Q

What projects with more than one contractor must have

A

All for construction projects plus:

Principal designer and principal contractor must be appointed

Needs a health and safety file

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6
Q

When must client notify the HSE

A

If the project lasts longer than 30 days and has more than 20 workers or exceeds 500 person days

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7
Q

Types of duty holder under CDM

A

1) Clients
2) Domestic Clients
3) Designers
4) Principal Designers
5) Principal Contractors
6) Workers

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8
Q

Principal Designer responsibilities

A

Plan, manage and coordinate H&S in the pre-construction phase of a project, including identifying. eliminating and controlling risks and ensuring the designers carry out their duties

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9
Q

Principal Contractor responsibilities

A

Plan, manage and coordinate H&S in the construction phase of a project, including:
Liaising with client and principal designer
Preparing construction phase plan
Organising cooperation between contractors and coordinating their work

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10
Q

Pre-Construction Information

A

Provides the H&S info needed in advance of work and is used to prep the construction phase plan.

Provided by the client and contains things like H&S file, Asbestos surveys etc…

Info must be relevant to the project and have appropriate level of detail and be proportionate to the nature of the risk

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11
Q

Construction Phase Plan

A

Outlines:
H&S arrangements for managing significant H&S risks associated with the project

The site rules

Any specific measures concerning work listed in CDM as involving particular risks

Client must ensure it is in place before the work begins

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12
Q

Works under CDM which involve particular risks

A

Risk of burial under earth, engulfment or falling from height

Risk from chemical or biological hazard

Ionising radiation work in controlled areas

Near high voltage power lines

Exposure to risk of drowning

Work on wells, underground earthworks and tunnels

Divers using a system of air supply

Workers in cassions with a compressed air atmosphere

Involving explosives

Assembly or dismantling of heavy prefabricated components

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13
Q

Who preps the Construction Phase Plan

A

Single-contractor projects it is the Contractor

Multi-contractor projects it is the Principal Contractors duty

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14
Q

Health and Safety File

A

Must contain info about the project likely to be needed to ensure H&S

Only required from projects with more than one contractor

Should be clear, concise and easily understandable in a conveniently accessible format

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15
Q

General site security precautions

A

Perimeter fencing with adequate signage and lighting

Doors and gates

Storage compounds and facilities for plant, hazardous and dangerous substances

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16
Q

Height of perimeter fencing

A

2m

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17
Q

What should be included in site inductions

A 
Signing in/out arrangements
Fitness to work / alcohol / drug screening procedures
Parking and site traffic rules
PPE requirements
Working conditions on site
Emergency procedures
Use of mobiles, smoking
Specific PTW requirements
Use of welfare facilities
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18
Q

Regulations covering Height

A

Working at Height Regs 2005

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19
Q

Examples of Working at Height

A 
Gutter cleaning
Putting up a display
Minor roof work
Shelf stacking
Window cleaning
Unloading a vehicle 
Machine maintenance
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20
Q

Hierarchy for managing work at height

A

Avoid where possible
Use work equipment or other measures to prevent falls
Use work equipment or other measures to minimise distance and consequence of falls

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21
Q

Priority of preventing falls

A

Prevention over consequence limitation

Collective measures over personal protective measures

Passive preferred to active measures

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22
Q

Fall prevention equipment

A

Guard rails

Work restraints

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23
Q

Fall Arrest equipment

A

Lanyard and shock absorber

Landing systems

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24
Q

Types of common access equipment

A

Ladders and step ladders

Trestles and staging platforms

Independent tied scaffolds

Mobile tower scaffolds

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25
Q

Hazards of using ladders and stepladders

A

Overloading - Exceeding the max weight of the ladder

Overreaching - body not remaining between stiles and not having both feet on the same rung

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26
Q

Selecting a ladder

A

Suitable for worst case surface conditions
Suitable for task/environment
Class 1 ladders for work
Suitable size
Used with manufacturers recommended stability devices

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27
Q

Securing a ladder

A

Tie to suitable point
Use a ladder stability device if tie off not possible
Last resort, foot the ladder

28
Q

Training for using ladders

A

Users should be trained and instructed to use equipment with the following rules:

1) ensure the ladder is long enough
2) ensure rungs or steps are level for use
3) ensure weather is suitable
4) wear robust sensible footwear
5) Know how to prevent members of the public using them
6) Know that certain medical conditions or drugs could stop them using them
7) Know how to tie it properly

29
Q

Independent tied scaffold

A

Made of 2 rows of standards both internal and external.

Is tied to a building being worked on

30
Q

Main hazards associated with scaffolds

A

Collapse
People falling from the scaffold
Objects falling or being dropped
People walking into it

31
Q

Statutory inspection of scaffolds

A

Immediately after construction
Before anyone goes on it
After and incident that may have damaged it
Every 7 days

Inspection must be done by a competent person,
Written report should be made following the inspection

32
Q

Falsework

A

Any temporary structure used to support a permanents structure while it is not self-supporting, either in new construction or refurb

33
Q

Approved methods of mobile scaffold tower construction

A

Advance guard rail system

Through the trap systems

34
Q

Inspection of mobile tower scaffolds less than 2m high

A

After assembly in any position
After an event liable to have affected stability
At suitable intervals

35
Q

Inspection of mobile tower scaffolds more than 2m high

A

After assembly in any position
After an event liable to have affected stability
At intervals not exceeding 7 days

36
Q

Types of temporary access

A

Suspended access cradles
Work positioning systems
Boatswains Chairs
Rope access techniques

37
Q

Definition of a fragile roof

A

Would be liable to fail if reasonably foreseeable loading were applied to it

38
Q

Demolition - Pre-demo surveys

A

Structural Survey
Hazardous Substance Survey
Site/Environmental Survey

39
Q

Soft stripping

A

Removal of non-structural components

40
Q

Hard stripping

A

Salvage of structural components

41
Q

Types (principals) of demolition

A

Piecemeal (progressive) demolition
Controlled (deliberate) demolition
Pre-weakening through deliberate removal of structural components

42
Q

Demolition techniques

A

By hand
By machine
By explosive
By other means

43
Q

Demolition equipment

A

Base machine
Equipment - boom and dipper arm
Attachments - various

44
Q

Demolition equipment - hydraulic attachments

A 
Pusher arm
Impact hammer
Hydraulic shears
Pulveriser
Demolition pole
Grapple
Multi-purpose
45
Q

Demolition equipment - non-hydraulic attachments

A

Ball
Wire rope pulling
Drilling and sawing

46
Q

Main safety hazards of demolition

A 
Premature collapse
Falling materials
Falling from height
Impact from site vehicle movements
Mechanical hazards
Fire and explosion hazards
Confined spaces
47
Q

Main health hazards of demolition

A

Chemical
Physical
Biological

48
Q

Exclusion zone

A

3D space from which all persons including the public are excluded during demolition activities

49
Q

Hazards associated with excavations

A 
Ground movement / collapse of sites
Surcharging
Ground and surface water
Stability of adjacent structures / services
Underground services
Overhead lines
People falling in
Plant falling in
Materials falling in
Toxic gas and oxygen deficiency
Biological and chemical hazards
Noise and vibration
50
Q

Ground controls for excavation

A

Battering or stepping

Supports

51
Q

Surcharging

A

Occurs when plant or material is near the side of the excavation and increases the horizontal load causing walls to collapse

52
Q

Controls for Surcharging

A

Barriers and signs to keep vehicles away
Stop blocks for tipping vehicles
Materials stored away from excavation

53
Q

Controls for ground water

A

Water is channelled into sumps and removed using hydraulic pumps

54
Q

Controls for stability of adjacent structures / services

A

Shoring of structures

Supporting of services

55
Q

Hazards of underground services

A

Electricity cables can result in explosion or burns
Escaping gas can ignite
High pressure water pipes, sewers, telecoms all pose specific hazards

56
Q

Controls for underground services

A

Check existing plans
Use Cable Avoidance Tools
Appropriate digging techniques

57
Q

When do most fatal injuries with excavators occur

A

When moving - strikes a pedestrian

When slewing - Trapping a person between plant and fixed structure or vehicle

When working - When moving the bucket or other attachment strikes a person or if the bucket falls from the excavator

58
Q

5 precautions to control the risk of using excavators

A

1) Exclusion
2) Clearance
3) Visibility
4) Signaller
5) Bucket attachment

59
Q

3 categories of worker who must be trained and competent for excavator works

A

1) Driver
2) Signallers
3) Pedestrians

60
Q

Quick hitches or Quick Couplers

A

Latching device that enables attachments to be connected to the dipper arm of an excavator and changed quickly

61
Q

Trenchless Technology - Horizontal Directional Drilling

A

Uses curved trajectory to enable a pipeline to pass under an obstacle such as a river or a road without the need for excavation

62
Q

Trenchless Technology - Impact Moling

A

Uses pneumatic piercing tool to create a bore hole. The approach compacts and displaces the soil rather than excavating and removing it, so minimises the disruption to the soil

63
Q

Trenchless Technology - Pipe Bursting

A

Can be used to replace existing or damaged pipeline with a new pipeline of the same diameter. The old pipeline is burst in-situ or removed piece by piece and broken up as it is pushed out the tunnel

64
Q

Statutory inspections of excavation, equipment and materials

A

1) At start of the shift
2) After any event likely to haver affected strength of the excavation
3) After any material unintentionally falls or is dislodged

65
Q

Requirements to report statutory inspections

A

Report must be made under Reg 24 of CDM

1 report needed every 7 day period

Must be retained at site and available for HSE inspectors

Retained until work is finished and a further 3 months afterwards

NEBOSH Diploma (9 decks)

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