Work & Employment: Gender

Question 1

What is occupational segregation?

Answer 1

In the UK, men and women do different kinds of work, so are not in competition with each other for the same jobs

Question 2

What is horizontal segregation?

Answer 2

Men and women are concentrated in different jobs in different areas of the economy

Question 3

What is vertical segregation?

Answer 3

Women occupy the lower levels of pay and status in particular jobs

Question 4

Who talks about occupational, horizontal and vertical segregation?

Answer 4

Hakim

Question 5

What did the EOC say?

Answer 5

Occupations are gender segregated.
Women are more likely to be employed in healthcare & social work and education (79% and 76% of the workforce respectively in 2006)

Question 6

What did the ONS say?

Answer 6

Men and women still likely to follow different career paths.
Men – 10x more likely to be employed in skilled trades. More likely to be managers/senior officials.
Men more likely to be self-employed
1/5 of women – Secretarial/Administrative work compared with 4% of men

Question 7

What did Women and Work Commission say?

Answer 7

Horizontal segregation in decline – Women doing better in /having more access to education (medical, legal, financial sectors) - 75% of pharmacists, 40% of accountants, 50% of solicitors are women

Question 8

What is the ‘glass ceiling’?

Answer 8

Women concentrated at lower levels of occupational groups
When women gain access to managerial/upper professional levels, although promotion appears to be possible, an invisible barrier created by restrictions or discrimination prevents it.

Question 9

Who said about the ‘crisis of masculinity’?

Answer 9

Mac an Ghail

Question 10

What is the ‘crisis of masculinity’?

Answer 10

Men unable to fulfil their role as breadwinner or protector. Frustrating.