Gender Statistics Flashcards
ONS: Men make up the majority of workers in the top _% of earners for all employees, but the gap is lower for those under _ (WORKPLACE)
10% // 30
ONS: In the private business sector of employment, the gender pay gap is _% compared to the public sector, which is _% (WORKPLACE)
25% // 17%
ONS: Self-employed women earn around _% less than self-employed men (WORKPLACE)
40%
ONS: Up to ___ women are sacked each year simply for being pregnant (WORKPLACE)
30,000
Sylvia Walby (WORKPLACE)
Argues that trade unions are patriarchal institutions, are dominated by men and usually act in the interests of men.
Catherine Hakim (WORKPLACE)
Women now have a choice to stay at home due to greater affluence, meaning they choose not to have full time jobs and instead stay at home and look after their children.
According to a survey of more than ___ adults, _% women will be living below the poverty line when they retire, compared to _% men (POVERTY)
10,000 // 25% // 12%
___ figures produced for the Department of work & Pensions show that _% of children living in lone-parent families are poor and _% of lone-parent families are headed by women (POVERTY)
2009 // 52% // 90%
Engels (POVERTY)
Women continue to be financially disadvantaged compared to men, tending to get lower wages and lower-status jobs than men
_% of women, compared to _% of men, have a persistent low income (INCOME)
22% // 14%
The income of retired women is less than _% of that of retired men (INCOME)
40%
Approximately _% of people in national minimum wage jobs are women (INCOME)
70%
Women are more than _% of the world’s population but own only _% of the world’s wealth (INCOME)
50% // 1%
Oakley (INCOME)
Many aspects of inequality are linked to the fact that women are socialised into the maternal role and social expectations place a duty on women to take breaks from work to look after children
Glass ceiling (INCOME)
Women are frequently told they can reach the top levels/promotions at work and can see them, but there are always barriers in the way to stop them from achieving this, such as employers negative perceptions of women in the workplace or the fact women have to go on maternity leave
Dual (FAMILY)
• Women are seen to take on the majority of housework within the household, even when they are in employment
Duncombe and Marsdsen interviewed __ white couples who had been married __ years and found women actually perform a triple shift of paid work, emotional work and housework/childcare.
40 // 15
Jonathan Gershuny found wives who did not go to work did _% of the housework. Wives who worked full-time did _%. However, even when women were in full-time paid work they still did the majority of the housework.
83% // 73%
Murdock
Biological differences between men and women were the basis of the sexual division of labour in society. Biological differences, such as the greater physical strength of men and the fact that women bear children, lead to gender roles. This is the most efficient way of organising society.
New Right
Men should take on the role of the breadwinner, whilst women should take on the role of housewife. The way the family is organised is essential for a stable, organised society- moving away from it could lead to social breakdown and disorder. The male provider ensures that the family does not rely on the state to provide through benefits. Having a female housewife ensures that the breadwinner is supported and children do not suffer from material deprivation which could lead to problems in later life such as delinquency, crime and mental illness.
