Word Roots Flashcards
This is a list of mostly Greek or Latin word roots that could be used to increase your vocabulary in preparation for the Word Knowledge section of the ASVAB
AC / ACR
sharp, bitter, sour
Examples:
acid (n): something that is sharp, sour, or ill-natured
acrimonious (adj): bitter; hostile
acumen (n): mental sharpness; quickness of wit
acute (adj): sharp at the end; ending in a point
exacerbate (v): to make (a problem or conflict) worse
ACT / AG
to do, to drive, to force, to lead
Examples:
activate (v): to cause something to act
agile (adj): having good coordination and quick movements
agitate (v): to stir up or roil
ACOU
hearing
Examples:
acoustic (adj): related to sound or hearing
AL / ALI / ALTER
other, another
Examples:
alias (n): an assumed name; another name
alibi (n): an excuse, often that a person was at another place at the time a crime was committed
alien (n): one born in another country; a foreigner
alter ego (n): the second self; a substitute or deputy
alternative (n): a possible choice
altruist (n): someone who cares about others or gives (money or resources) in support of others
AM
love
Examples:
amateur (n): someone who does an activity for the love of it, rather than as part of her job; a hobbyist; an inexperienced person; (adj) lacing or displaying a lack of experience; non-professional
amiable (adj): friendly, likeable
amicable (adj): characterized by exhibiting good will
amity (n): friendship; peaceful harmony
amorous (adj): inclined to love, especially sexual love
enamored (adj): inflamed with love, charmed; captivated
AMBL / AMBUL
to go, to walk
Examples:
ambulance (n): a vehicle equipped for carrying sick people (from a phrase meaning “walking hospital”)
ambulatory (adj): able to walk; having to do with walking
preamble (n): an introductory statement (originally: to walk in front)
ANIM
of the life, mind, soul, breath
Examples:
animal (n): a living being
animosity (n): hostility
equanimity (n): ability to remain calm under pressure
magnanimous (adj): generous; forgiving
unanimous (adj): of one mine; in complete accord
ANNUI / ENNI
year
Examples:
annals (n): a log or record, often with yearly entries
anniversary (n): yearly observance
annual (adj): yearly
annuity (n): periodic cash payments or receipts
perennial (adj) lasting for an indefinite amount of time
ANTHRO / ANDR
man, human
Examples:
androgynous (adj): having both male and female traits or anatomy
android (n): robot; mechanical man
anthropology (n): branch of science dealing with human origins, traits, and behavior
AQUA / AQUE
water
Examples:
aquamarine (n): a bluish-green color
aquarium (n): a tank for keeping fish and other underwater creatures
aquatic (adj): having to do with water
aqueduct (n): a channel for transporting water
ARCH / ARCHI / ARCHY
chief, principal, ruler
Examples:
anarchy (n): the absence of a formal government
archenemy (n): chief enemy
architect (n): the devisor, maker, or planner of anything
monarchy (n): rule by a single person
oligarchy (n): a state or society ruled by a select group
AUTO
self
Examples:
autocrat (n): an absolute ruler
automatic (adj): self-moving or self-acting
autonomy (n): independence or freedom
BEN / BENE
good
Examples:
benediction (n): act of uttering a blessing
benefit (n): anything advantageous to a person or thing
benevolent (adj): desiring to do good to others
benign (adj): gracious, kindly; not harmful
BON / BOUN
good, generous
Examples: bona fide (adj): true, authentic (literally, in good faith)
bonus (n): something of value given beyond what is expected
bountiful (adj): generous
BREV / BRID
short, small
Examples:
abbreviate (v): to shorten
abridge (v): to shorten
brevity (n): shortness
brief (adj): short
BURS
purse, money
Examples:
bursar (n): treasurer
disburse (v): to pay
reimburse (v): to pay back
CANT / CENT / CHANT
to sing
Examples:
accent (n): emphasis or stress
chant (n): a song; singing
enchant (v): to fascinate or captivate
incantation (n): a magical chant or spell
recant (v): to take back something spoken or written
CAP / CIP / CEPT
to take, to get
Examples:
anticipate (v): to look forward to something; to foresee
capture (v); to take by force
precept (n): a rule to govern behavior
susceptible (adj): capable of receiving, admitting, undergoing, or being affected by something
CARN
flesh
Examples:
carnage (n): slaughter, widespread killing
carnivorous (adj): eating flesh
incarnation (n): a being invested with a bodily form
reincarnation (n): rebirth in a new body
CAUS / CAUT
to burn
Examples:
caustic (adj): burning or corrosive
cauterize (v): to burn or deaden
CED / CEED / CESS
to go, to yield, to stop
Examples:
accede (v): to yield to a demand; to give in
antecedent (adj): existing or going before
cessation (n): the act of stopping or discontinuing (either temporarily or permanently)
concede (v): to admit the truth of a statement (especially in a debate); to yield; to admit defeat
incessant (adj): without stop
predecessor (n): a person who holds an office or position prior to another person; one who comes before
CELER
speed
Examples:
accelerant (n): something used to speed up a process
accelerate (v): to increase in speed
decelerate (v): to decrease in speed
CENTR
center
Examples:
centrist (adj): pertaining to moderate political or social ideas; (n) a person who holds moderate views
concentrate (v): to converge; to bring together in a central location; to focus one’s attention; to intensify
concentric (adj): (of circles or spheres) having the same center point
eccentric (adj): off-center
CERN / CERT / CRET / CRIM / CRIT
to separate, to judge, to distinguish, to decide
Examples:
ascertain (v): to make sure of; to determine
certitude (n): freedom from doubt
criterion (n): a standard used in judging something
discreet (adj): careful to keep secrets; prudent in speech; careful to avoid causing embarrassment
discrete (adj): detached from others, separate
discriminate (v): to distinguish between; to show preference
hypocrite (n): someone who pretends to have beliefs or virtues he does not actually have
CHROM
color
Examples:
chromatic (adj): having to do with color
chrome (n): a metallic element (chromium) used to make vivid colors; something plated with chromium
monochromatic (adj): having only one color
CHRON
time
Examples:
anachronism (n): something or someone that seems to belong to a different historical time than the one it is in
chronic (adj): constant, habitual
chronology (n): the sequence in which events in the past occurred; a history recounted sequentially
chronometer (n): a highly accurate clock or watch
synchronize (v): to occur at the same time or agree in time
CIS
to cut
Examples:
incision (n): a cut, gash, or notch
incisive (adj): penetrating, cutting
precise (adj): definitely stated or defined
scissors (n): cutting instrument for paper, cloth, or other material
CLA / CLO / CLU
to shut, to close
Examples:
claustrophobia (n): an abnormal fear of enclosed places
cloister (n): enclosed courtyard; secluded place; monastery or convent
conclusive (adj): final; closing an argument
disclose (v): to reveal or make known
exclude (v): to shut out from inclusion or consideration; to omit; to be incompatible with
preclude (v): to prevent; to make impossible; to exclude
CLAIM / CLAM
to shout, to cry out
Examples:
clamor (n): a loud uproar
disclaim (v): to claim to have no interest in; to deny; to renounce
exclaim (v): to cry out; to say loudly or emphatically
proclaim (v): to announce or declare in an official way
reclaim (v): to claim or demand the return of a right or possession
CLI
to lean toward
Examples:
climax (n): the highest point; the most intense point in a story or development
decline (v): to refuse (an offer); to withhold (from another)
disinclination (n): aversion, distaste
recline (v): to lean back
COGN / CONN
to know
Examples:
cognition (n): the process of knowing
incognito (adj): with one’s name or identity concealed
recognize (v): to identify as already known
CORP / CORS
body
Examples:
corporation (n): a company legally treated as an individual
corps (n): an organized body of troops
corpse (n): a dead body
incorporation (n): the act of combining into a single body; the act of forming a corporation
COSM
order, universe, world
Examples:
cosmetic (adj): improving the appearance; (n) substance used to beautify
cosmic (adj): relating to the universe
cosmology (n): a theory of the universe as a whole
cosmopolitan (adj): worldly
cosmos (n): the universe; an orderly system; order
microcosm (n): a small system that reflects a larger whole
COUR / CUR
running, a course
Examples:
concur (v): to accord in opinion; to agree
courier (n): a messenger
curriculum (n): the regular course of study
cursive (n): a fluid style of handwriting in which letters are joined
cursory (adj): superficial (of a review of material); hasty
excursion (n): a short journey or trip
incursion (n): a hostile, sudden entrance into a place or group
recur (v): to happen again
CRE / CRESC / CRET
to grow
Examples:
accretion (n): an increase by natural growth
accrue (v): to gain by natural growth; to accumulate
creation (n): the act of creating, inventing, or producing
increase (v): to make greater or more in number; to grow in number or size
increment (n): an amount added or increased; an addition; profit
CRED
to believe, to trust
Examples:
credentials (n): written proof of authority or status
credit (n): trustworthiness
credo (n): any formula of belief
credulous (adj): too willing to trust in or believe
incredible (adj): unbelievable
CRYPT
hidden
Examples:
apocryphal (adj): having questionable authenticity; possibly not genuine
crypt (n): an underground vault or tomb
cryptology (n): the science of interpreting secret writings, codes, ciphers, and the like
CUB / CUMB
to lie down
Examples:
cubicle (n): a small, partitioned space
incubate (v): to cause to develop or hatch (as when hens sit on eggs); to develop or take form
incumbent (n): a person who holds an office; (adj) holding an office or position
succumb (v): to yield; to give way
CULP
fault, blame
Examples:
culpable (adj): blameworthy; at fault; guilty
culprit (n): a person guilty of an offense
inculpate (v): to accuse; to incriminate
DAC / DOC
to teach
Examples:
didactic (adj): related to instruction; prone to instruct too often
docile (adj): tame, teachable
doctor (n): a medical practitioner; someone with an advanced degree
doctrine (n): principles or teachings relating to a specific principle or group
indoctrinate (v): to teach a doctrine to a person
DELE
to erase
Examples:
delete (v): to erase; to remove
indelible (adj): impossible to erase; lasting
DEM
people
Examples:
democracy (n): government by the people
demographics (n): vital and social statistics of populations
epidemic (adj): affecting a large number of people simultaneously; (n) a widespread disease or problem
DEXT
right hand, right side, deft
Examples:
ambidextrous (adj): able to use both hands (e.g., for writing)
dexterity (n): quality of being skilled at working with one’s hands
DI
day
Examples:
dial (n): a surface that displays information in a circular form (such as a clock face); a rotatable knob
diary (n): a record of one’s days
dismal (adj): gloomy (from “bad days”)
DIC / DICT / DIT
to say, to tell, to use words
Examples:
dictionary (n): a compilation of the meanings of words
interdict (v): to forbid; to prohibit
predict (v): to foresee; to give a forecast of
verdict (n): a judgement or decision
dictate (v): to give a directive; to talk while being recorded
DIGN
worth
Examples:
deign (v): to thing fit or in accordance with one’s dignity
dignitary (n): a person who holds a high rank or office
dignity (n): the state of being titled or privileged; worthiness
DOG / DOX
opinion, belief
Examples:
dogma (n): a strongly held specific belief
orthodox (adj): holding customary or traditional beliefs
paradox (n): a situation that seems to contradict itself
DOL
to suffer, to pain, to grieve
Examples:
condolence (n): expression of sympathy
doleful (adj): sorrowful; mournful
dolorous (adj): sorrowful; causing sorrow
indolence (n): tendency to be inactive; laziness
DON / DOT / DOW
to give
Examples:
anecdote (n): a short narrative about an interesting event
antidote (n): a remedy intended to counteract a poison
donate (v): to give; to contribute
endow (v): to give in a way that provides future income or future benefits
pardon (n): forgiveness; (v) to forgive
DORM
to sleep
Examples:
dormant (adj): sleeping; inactive
dormitory (n): a place for sleeping; a residence hall
DORS
back
Examples:
dorsal (adj): having to do with the back
endorse (v): to sign on the back; to vouch for
DUB
doubt
Examples:
dubious (adj): doubtful
indubitable (adj): unquestionable
DUC / DUCT
to lead
Examples:
abduct (v): to lead away by force or coercion
conducive (adj): contributive; helpful
conduct (n); behavior; (v) to lead
induce (v): to cause an action by influence
induct (v): to admit to a group or position, usually with formal ceremonies
produce (v): to make; to cause to be; to bring into existence; (n) (usually used collectively) things brought into existence; agricultural products
DUR
hard, lasting
Examples:
dour (adj): sullen, gloomy, stern
durable (adj): able to resist deterioration
duration (n): the length of time something exists
duress (n): compulsion by threat or force
endure (v): to last, to sustain under pressure
EGO
self
Examples:
ego (n): oneself; the part of oneself that is self-aware
egocentric (adj): focused on oneself
egoism / egotism (n): selfishness; self-absorption
EQU
equal, even
Examples:
adequate (adj): equal to the requirement or occasion
equation (n): the act of comparing two equal things; the act of equalizing
equivalent (n): the same
iniquity (n): injustice; act of evil
ERR
to wander
Examples:
err (v): to be mistaken; to make a mistake
errant (adj): wandering, unsteady, deviating
erratic (adj): deviating from the proper or usual course of conduct
error (n): something that is incorrect or untrue; a mistake
ESCE
becoming
Examples:
adolescent (adj): between childhood and adulthood
convalescent (adj): recovering from illness
incandescent (adj): glowing with heat; shining
reminiscent (adj): reminding of; suggestive of
FAB / FAM
to speak
Examples:
affable (adj): friendly; courteous
defame (v): to slander; to publicly speak ill of
fable (n): fictional tale, esp. legendary
famous (adj): well known; celebrated
ineffable (adj): inexpressible
FAC / FIC / FIG / FAIT / FEIT / FY
to do, to make
Examples:
configuration (n): manner of arrangement; shape
counterfeit (n): imitation; forgery
deficient (adj): incomplete or insufficient
faction (n): a subgroup within a larger group or party; strife; dissention
factory (n): building used for manufacturing
prolific (adj): producing many offspring or much output
FAL
to err, to deceive
Examples:
default (v): to fail
fail (v): to be insufficient; to be unsuccessful; to die out
fallacy (n): a flawed argument
false (adj): not true; erroneous; lying
infallible (adj): incapable of being wrong or being deceived
FATU
foolish
Examples:
fatuity (n): foolishness; stupidity
fatuous (adj): foolish; stupid
infatuated (adj): swept up in a fit of passion, impairing one’s reason
FER
to bring, to carry, to bear
Examples:
confer (v): to grant; to bestow
offer (v): to present for acceptance, refusal, or consideration
proffer (v): to offer
proliferate (v): to reproduce; to produce rapidly
referendum (n): a vote on a political question by the entire electorate; the process of referring political questions to such a vote
FERV
to boil, to bubble
Examples:
effervescent (adj): bubbling; lively; high-spirited
fervid (adj): ardent; intense
fervor (n): passion; zeal
FI / FID
faith, trust
Examples:
affidavit (n): written statement made under oath
confide (v): to entrust with a secret
fidelity (n): faithfulness; loyalty
infidel (n): one who does not accept a particular religion
FIN
end
Examples:
confine (v): to keep or restrict within certain limits; to imprison
definitive (adj): decisive; unconditional; final
final (adj): at the end; coming last
infinite (adj): boundless; endless
infinitesimal (adj): infinitely or very small
FLAGR / FLAM
to burn
Examples:
conflagration (n): a large destructive fire
flagrant (adj): blatant; scandalous
inflame (v): to set on fire
FLECT / FLEX
to bend, to turn
Examples:
deflect (v): to bend; to cause to turn aside; to dissuade from a purpose
flexible (adj): able to bend without breaking
inflect (v): to bend; to change pitch
reflect (v): to throw back
FLU / FLUX
to flow
Examples:
confluence (adj): merging into one
fluctuation (n): continual change between one state and another; wavelike motion
fluid (n): a substance that is capable of flowing freely; (adj) able to flow freely
FORT
chance
Examples:
fortuitous (adj): happening by luck
fortunate (adj): lucky; auspicious
fortune (n): chance or luck in human affairs
FORT
strength
Examples:
forte (n): a person’s best skill or talent; strong suit
fortify (v): to strengthen; to strengthen defenses against attack
FRA / FRAC / FRAG / FRING
to break
Examples:
fractious (adj): irritable; peevish
fracture (n): breakage, esp. of a bone
fragment (n): an incomplete or broken-off part
infringe (v): to break or violate (a law, etc.)
FUG
to flee, to fly
Examples:
fugitive (adj): on the run, (n) someone who flees
refuge (n): a haven for those fleeing
refugee (n): a person who flees in search of safety or freedom
subterfuge (n): a trick or stratagem used to deceive, hide something, or avoid punishment
FUM
smoke
Examples:
fume (n): smoke; (v) to emit smoke or vapors
fumigate (v): to treat with smoke or vapors
perfume (n): scents, from burning incense or other sources of fragrance
FUS
to pour
Examples:
diffuse (v): to spread over a wide area; to scatter; to pour out
fusillade (n): sustained delivery of gunshots or criticism
infusion (n): the act of introducing or pouring; the act of steeping or soaking in liquid; the resulting liquid
profuse (adj): occurring in large amounts; abounding; overly giving
suffuse (v): to spread over or throughout
GEN
birth, creation, race, kind
Examples:
carcinogenic (adj): producing cancer
congenital (adj): (of a disease or defect) existing from birth
generous (adj): giving or given freely
genetics (n): study of heredity and variation among animals and plants
progeny (n): offspring; descendants