General Science Flashcards
____ are animals that eat other organisms
Consumers
Each row of the periodic table is called a(n) ______.
Period
Gametes are called ____ because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells.
Haploid (think HAploid = HAlf)
The process by which a cell divides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called _____.
Mitosis
Define sublimation (as it is used in chemistry).
Sublimation is the process by which a solid turns into a gas (without passing through a liquid phase).
Where in the body is the tibia located?
Lower leg
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: hecto
base times 100; h
The thick layer that lies between the Earth’s crust and the Earth’s core is called the _____.
Mantle
Which have a larger diameter: bronchi or bronchioles?
Bronchi
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?
Vitamin C
What is the common name for the cranium?
Skull
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: centi
Base time 0.01; c
What is the name of the portion of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence?
Cerebrum
Name some types of electromagnetic radiation
Possible answers include: visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, X-rays, and gamma rays
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deka
Base times 10; da
What is the name fro nerve cells?
Neurons
Where in the body is the femur located?
Thigh
In cellular respiration, cell organelles called _____ process sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
Mitochondria
Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil, are also known as _____.
Saprotrophs
The pitch of the sound produced by an ambulance’s siren seems to change as it passes you. This is an example of the _____.
Doppler effect
The theory of _____ explains how chunks of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle slowly move.
Plate techtonics
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: mega
Base times 1,000,000; M
If someone has type A+ blood, the plus sign indicates the _____.
Rh factor
Define evaporation
Evaporation is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor.
Water vapor that has entered the atmosphere _____ to form clouds.
Condenses
When two atoms bond by sharing a pair of electrons, a(n) ______ bond is formed.
Covalent
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deci
Base times 0.1; d
Primary consumers are also known as _____.
Herbivores
What does DNA do?
DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organism’s genetic makeup and traits.
If a person has two alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is _____ for that particular gene.
Homozygous
What type of clouds produce precipitation?
Stratus and cumulus
What do white blood cells do?
Fight infection
Name the planets, in order from the Sun outward.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Remember: My very educated mother just served us nachos.)
The _____ carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of the _____.
Vas deferns; prostate
What are the four blood types?
A, B, AB, O
Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by _____.
There are several possible answers; examples include viruses, diet and lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders.
The central nervous system is composed of the _____and the _____.
Brain; spinal cord
What is the common name for the coccyx?
Tailbone
_____ rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperature, pressure, or other processes.
Metamorphic
When an acid is combined with a base, they produce ____.
Water and a salt
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: kilo
Base times 1,000; k
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately _____ meters per second.
300 million
Earth is approximately _____ years old.
4.6 billion
Why are the planets closest to the Sun called the terrestrial planets?
The composition of these planets is similar to that of Earth.
The asteroid belt closest to the Earth lies between which two planets?
Mars and Jupiter
Which two bodily functions are enhanced by calcium?
Bone growth, muscle function
What is a vector quantity?
A quantity defined by both a magnitude and a direction
The element box for chlorine within the periodic table of elements contains a 17 above the abbreviation Cl and a 35.5 below the abbreviation? What do these two numbers indicate?
The atomic number is 17: there are 17 protons in a chlorine atom’s nucleus and 17 electrons in the electron cloud. The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5.
An acid gives up _____ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Positively
What is the difference between physical change and chemical change?
A physical change may alter the form, size, and / or shape of matter; a chemical change alters its molecules.
A convex mirror _____ light waves; a convex lens _____ light waves.
Diverges; converges
Define genotype.
A person’s genotype is the entire genetic makeup of that person, including recessive genes.
What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?
There are many possible answers. Examples are: iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc
Can light travel through a vacuum?
Yes
Where in the bod is the fibula located?
Lower leg
When light reflects off a surface, the angle of _____ is equal to the angle of _____.
Incidence; reflection (or reflection; incidence)
Small objects that enter the Earth’s atmosphere and burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called _____. If one makes it to Earth’s surface, it is called a(n) _____.
Meteors; meteorite
The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a(n) _____ temperature than the liquid state, which occurs at a(n) _____ temperature than the solid state.
Higher; higher
Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are _____.
Noble gases
When a warm front meets a cold front, a likely result is _____.
Precipitation
In the water cycle, water soaks into the earth in a process known as _____.
Infiltration
Where in the body is the radius bone located?
Forearm
Define vertebrate.
A vertebrate is an animal with a spine.
Acidic substances have a pH _____ than 7; basic substances have a pH _____ than 7.
Lower; higher
Each person has _____ alleles for every trait.
Two (one from each parent)
High-pitched sounds have a(n) _____ frequency than low-pitched sounds.
Higher
Name the four major components of blood.
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
When a gas changes to a liquid, this process is known as _____.
Condensation
A(n) _____ lens curves outward; a(n) _____ lens curves inward.
Convex; concave
Water freezes at _____ Kelvin.
273
In the heart, ____ are chambers that collect blood, and _____ are chambers that pump blood.
Atria; ventricles
When one atom bonds to another atom by “borrowing” an electron from it, a(n) _____ bond is formed.
Ionic
Is the flu caused by a bacterium or a virus?
A virus
If a person has two alleles that are different for a particular gene, that person is _____ for that particular gene.
Heterozygous
Where in the body are blood cells created?
Bone marrow
The ozone layer is part of the ____.
Stratosphere
What is the common name for hypertension?
High blood pressure
When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, the season is ____ in the northern hemisphere and _____ in the southern hemisphere.
Summer; winter
What is an element’s atomic number?
The number of protons in one of the element’s atoms
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: micro
Base times 0.000001; the Greek letter mu (looks similar to a lower-case, cursive u).
Define pathogen.
A pathogen is a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus.
In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the _____.
Gram
In terms of the food web, vultures and wolverines are examples of _____.
Scavengers
Define photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants take in light energy, water, and carbon dioxide and use these substances to produce sugar and oxygen.
Which organ in the body employs gastric acid?
Stomach
When water evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is known as _____.
Transpiration
_____ rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, harden over time.
Sedimentary
A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if _____.
Both alleles for that trait are recessive
What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?
An exoskeleton is a hard exterior structure; an endoskeleton is a frame located inside the body.