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cognitive psychology > word recognition > Flashcards

word recognition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general issue in word recognition

A
  • we see a pattern that is meaningless in itself
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2
Q

what is eye-tracking

A

measure how long people spend looking at a word

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3
Q

what is the lexical-decision task

A

how long people take to indicate a string of letters is not a word

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4
Q

what is the naming task

A

measure how long people take to start saying a word

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5
Q

what is priming

A

using related words makes a word easier to recognise

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6
Q

who research priming in the lexical decision task

A

meyer and Schvaneveldt 1971

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7
Q

who researched using the naming task

A

Schilling, Rayner and Chumbley 1998

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8
Q

what factors affect word recognition

A
  • word frequency
  • predictability
  • neighbourhood effects
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9
Q

what is word frequency

A

commonly used words are recognised more easily than infrequent words

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10
Q

what is predictability

A

predictable words are recognised more easily than those in neutral or misleading contexts

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11
Q

what is the neighbourhood effect

A

word identification is easier when similar words exist in the language

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12
Q

who researched word frequency

A

schilling, rayner and chumbley 1998

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13
Q

what are the results of research into word frequency

A

low frequency words take longer to recognise

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14
Q

who researched predictability

A

tulving and gold 1963

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15
Q

what results did research into predictability find

A

relevant context helps recognition

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16
Q

what is orthographic neighbourhood effect

A

the number of words that can be formed by changing one letter of a word while maintaining their position

17
Q

what is the phonological neighbour

A

the number of words that can be formed by changing one phoneme of a word

18
Q

what is Morton’s logogen model

A
  • logogens are thought as word detectors
  • each logogen has an activation threshold which needs to be met before it fires
19
Q

how does the logogen model explain frequency

A

high frequency words have a lower threshold for firing
low frequency words take longer

20
Q

how does the logogen model explain predictability

A
  • cognitive component explains how sentence context can affect recognition
  • semantic info from the sentence partially activates logogens, lowering their threshold
  • decreases the amount of info needed
21
Q

what is the word superiority effect

A

reicher and wheeler
- had to recognise which letter is in the position
- 10% improvement when it was the whole word and not just letter
- easier to identify a letter in context of a word than in isolation

22
Q

what is the interactive activation model

A

different levels of detectors
- stimulus
- feature detectors
- letter detectors
- word detectors

23
Q

who discovered the interactive activation model

A

mccelland and rumelhart

24
Q

how are levels connected in the interactive activation model

A
  • excitatory
  • inhibitory
  • run in both directions
25
Q

what is transposed letter priming

A
  • understanding typos as we fill in letters
  • perea and lupker 2003
26
Q

what is the dual route model

A
  • how we read words aloud
    direct route
  • connects the visually presented word to the whole word’s mental representation
  • used for high frequency words
    phonological route
  • accesses the mental representations of words by using grapheme-to-phoneme conversion rules
  • used for low frequency words
27
Q

who discovered the dual route model

A

coltheart et al

28
Q

what is phonological dyslexia

A
  • difficulty reading non-words
29
Q

how does the dual route model explain phonological dyslexia

A
  • the only way to read a novel letter string is to implement some process of decoding
  • route is impaired so can’t read
30
Q

what is surface dyslexia

A

problems with reading irregular words

31
Q

how does the dual route model explain surface dyslexia

A
  • when presented with irregular words, readers use lexical route
  • surface dyslexia assumes a selective deficit in the lexical route
  • results in difficulty in pronouncing irregular words
32
Q
A

cognitive psychology (8 decks)

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