Word Production

Question 1

What are the pros of the classical approach?

Answer 1

• quick to convey general idea
• easily understood by other professionals
• diagnosis re: service
• articulates general localization of lesion
• general idea of prognosis

Question 2

What are the cons of the classical approach?

Answer 2

• always exceptions, Pts don’t fit neatly into these boxes
• focuses on impairment not function
• very generalized and polytypic categories
• jargon is difficult for Pts and families
• overlap of attributes in diff types

Question 3

What are some alternative approaches to the classical approach?

Answer 3

• psycholinguistic/cognitive neuropsych approach
• computational/imaging approach
• social/life participation approach

Question 4

Describe the psycholinguistic/cognitive neuropsych approach

Answer 4

Assumption: mind’s language system Is organized in separate modules (“modularity”), and these can be selectively impaired by brain damage

Question 5

Describe computational/imaging approaches

Answer 5

Assumption: beyond modularity it focuses on the dynamics of language processing and language networks

Question 6

describe the social / life participation approach

Answer 6

Aphasia is located outside of the person in relationships with others and in the social community. As such, aphasia is viewed as an element of a social system and the importance of communication as a social act is emphasized.

Question 7

What is beneficial about the PALPA model?

Answer 7

Allows us to understand the different components and processes of what is required to speak, to understand, read and write.
-It also helps us to understand where damage occurs in certain disorders

Question 8

T or F: the object recognition system and the semantic system both involve linguistic representations

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

Describe the semantic system

Answer 9

-knowledge of the meaning of words

Question 10

Describe the phonological output lexicon

Answer 10

• representations of all the words in a speaker’s vocabulary
• representations are phonological and the store is for output

Question 11

Describe the idea of spreading activation

Answer 11

• categories go from general to more and more specific. This is done through spreading activation.
• When a unit is activated, activation spreads along all of the pathways that are connected to it

Question 12

The PALPA model applies to the ______ level only

Answer 12

word

Question 13

List the types of lexical word errors

Answer 13

• meaning based (semantic)
• sound based (phonemic)
• mixed
• blends

Question 14

List the types of phonemic and phonetic (sub-lexical) errors

Answer 14

• substitutions
• additions
• deletions
• phoneme movement

Question 15

What factors affect word production?

Answer 15

• frequency
• imageability
• word length
• familiarity
• age of acquisition

Question 16

The Semantic-Phonological SP model tries to account for what type of error

Answer 16

non-word productions

Question 17

Describe anomia at the semantic level

Answer 17

• can be general, non-specific impairments to semantics
• can be category specific
• generally poor at recognizing own semantic errors in naming
• semantic difficulty in word comp
• naming affected by semantic variables
• poor performance on tasks requiring precise semantic knowledge

Question 18

Describe anomia without semantic impairment

Answer 18

• PTs comprehension of words they can’t speak will be unimpaired
• word frequency likely affects probability of producing a word
• will make approximations (paraphasias)
• impairment on many verbal tasks

Question 19

Describe anomia arising at the phonological output lexicon

Answer 19

• PTs impaired on many verbal tasks
• errors may be due to difficult activating the output lexicon (semantic paraphasias)
• errors may be due to disturbance of lexicon (neologisms)
• post lexical phonemic processes (phonemic paraphasias)

Question 20

Describe how language is stored in the phonological output lexicaon

Answer 20

• words likely stored in phonologically similar groupings
• root morphemes separated from affixes
• word class distinctions are represented