Classical School and Terminology

Question 1

What are the 4 ways we can classify people with aphasia?

Answer 1

• Unitary view
• Syndrome view (classical school)
• Cognitive/linguistic view
• Social view

Question 2

The classical school is based on which model?

Answer 2

Wernicke-lichtheim model

Question 3

According to the classical school, syndromes can be differentiated according to which 3 key areas?

Answer 3

• severity of comprehension deficit
• variety of features related to spontaneous expression
• repetition ability compered to spontaneous expression

Question 4

What does syndrome of disproportionality refer to?

Answer 4

The disproportionality of abilities preserved and impaired is what you will have to understand to determine which type of aphasia it is

Question 5

We need to look at strengths and weaknesses in what areas for the classical approach?

Answer 5

• auditory comprehension
• speech fluency
• word and sentence repetition

Question 6

Define anomia

Answer 6

word-finding difficulty associated with circumlocutions

Question 7

What are paraphasias?

Answer 7

unintentional substitution of an incorrect word/nonword for target word.

Question 8

What are the 2 major types of paraphasias?

Answer 8

lexical

sub-lexical

Question 9

What are the 4 types of lexical paraphasias?

Answer 9

• semantic
• phonemic
• mixed
• unrelated

Question 10

Define a lexical semantic paraphasia

Answer 10

error is semantically related to target word

e.g. wife/husband

Question 11

Define a lexical phonemic paraphasia

Answer 11

error is related to the target in terms of the sound structure of both words.
e.g. pike/pipe

Question 12

Define a lexical mixed paraphasia

Answer 12

error related to target in meaning and sound

e.g. rat/cat

Question 13

Define a lexical unrelated paraphasia

Answer 13

error is not obviously related to target

e.g. fork/door

Question 14

What are the 2 types of sub lexical paraphasias?

Answer 14

• phonemic

- neologistic

Question 15

Define sub lexical phonemic paraphasias

Answer 15

nonword related to target in sound

e.g. lat/cat

Question 16

Define sub lexical neologistic paraphasias

Answer 16

non-word error with no relationship to target

e.g. planker/comb

Question 17

Define agrammatism

Answer 17

speech characterized by nouns and main verbs, OMISSION of “functor” words and grammatical morphemes

Question 18

Define paragrammatism

Answer 18

errors made in use of grammatical elements (rather than omission)

Question 19

Define jargon

Answer 19

refers to lengthy fluently articulated utterances, preserved syntax, but makes no sense.

Question 20

Define verbal stereotypes

Answer 20

exclusive use of stereotypic utterance, as if only language form available.

Question 21

Define dysarthria

Answer 21

motor speech disorder resulting in impaired muscular control related to weakness, slowness, incoordination of speech musculature.

Question 22

Define apraxia

Answer 22

motor speech disorder resulting in inability to program positioning of articulators.

Question 23

Define agnosia

Answer 23

inability to recognize stimulus even though sensory transmission is intact (e.g., visual, auditory, tactile).