Word Forms

Question 1

passive form

Answer 1

g1 (う–> あ) ~れる
g2 + られる
– was done to someone or something

Question 2

adj (w/o い or な) + さ

Answer 2

nominalisation of nouns, objectively and measureable
e.g 空港に行く前に、カバンの重さを測りました
– I measured the weight of my bag before heading to the airport

Question 3

adj (w/o い or な) + み

Answer 3

nominalisation of nouns, subjectively, personal preference
e.g 前田さんは温かみがある
– there’s a warmth to Maeda

Question 4

emotion adj + む

Answer 4

makes them into verbs
e.g 楽しい enjoyable –> 楽しむ to enjoy