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Word Formation Flashcards

1
Q

Name the word formation process in:

unkind

A

prefixation

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2
Q

Name the word formation process in:

edit

A

backformation

from editor

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3
Q

Name the word formation process in:

car park

A

compounding

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4
Q

Name the word formation process in:

transistor

A

blending

from transfer and resistor

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5
Q

Name the word formation process in:

tick-tock

A

reduplicative

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6
Q

Name the word formation process in:

photo

A

clipping

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7
Q

Name the word formation process in:

brake

A

conversion

verb to noun

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8
Q

Name the word formation process in:

chewing gum

A

compounding

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9
Q

Name the word formation process in:

CIDE

A

acronymisation

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10
Q

Name the word formation process in:

boyish

A

suffixation

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11
Q

Name the word formation process in:

to baby-sit

A

backformation

from babysitter, which is a compound

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12
Q

Name the word formation process in:

IRA

A

abbreviation

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13
Q

Name the word formation process in:

motel

A

blending

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14
Q

Name the word formation process in:

haircut

A

compounding

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15
Q

Name the word formation process in:

love

A

conversion

verb to noun

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16
Q

Name the word formation process in:

flu

A

clipping

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17
Q

Name the word formation process in:

to can

A

conversion

noun to verb

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18
Q

Name the word formation process in:

heliport

A

blending

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19
Q

Name the word formation process in:

tv

A

abbreviation

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20
Q

Name the word formation process in:

GM

A

abbreviation

OR: General+Motors > compounding

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21
Q

Name the word formation process in:

to text

A

1) compounding (text + message)
2) clipping (text)
3) conversion (noun to verb)

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22
Q

Name the word formation process in:

explanation

A

suffixation
(explain + ation)
vowel change!

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23
Q

Name the word formation process in:

NATO

A

acronymisation

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24
Q

Name the word formation process in:

air-strikes

A

compounding

OR blending

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25
Name the word formation process in: | filmmaker
``` compounding (film + maker) OR suffixation (+er) ```
26
Name the word formation process in: | unconvincingly
suffixation (2x) prefixation vowel change
27
Name the word formation process in: | re-Fedexed
``` compounding (federal + express) blending / clipping conversion (noun to verb) prefixation (re-) ```
28
Name the word formation process in: | to face
conversion | noun to verb
29
Name the word formation process in: | reaction
suffixation and prefixation
30
Name the word formation process in: | snowman
compounding
31
Name the word formation process in: | car park
compounding
32
Name the word formation process in: | unkind
prefixation
33
Name the word formation process in: | unfair
prefixation
34
Name the word formation process in: | employment
suffixation
35
Name the word formation process in: | derivation
suffixation
36
Name the word formation process in: | cycle
conversion
37
Name the word formation process in: | leap
conversion
38
Name the word formation process in: | to aircondition
back-formation
39
Name the word formation process in: | gas
clipping
40
Name the word formation process in: | telly
clipping and familiarity marker
41
Name the word formation process in: | brunch
blending
42
Name the word formation process in: | StudOn
blending
43
Name the word formation process in: | NATO
acronymisation
44
Name the word formation process in: | ZDF
abbreviation
45
Name the word formation process in: | ARD
abbreviation
46
Name the word formation process in: | nitty-gritty
reduplicatives
47
Explain the difference between token and type
token every single word type every type of word
48
Define lexeme
``` fundamental abstract unit of the lexicon of the language > mouse, fire extinguisher > resists interrupton > family of lexical units > lexical form > inflection! ```
49
Explain the difference between word forms and lexical units
word forms representations of the same lexeme > mouse, mice lexical units possible meanings of a lexeme > animal, computer device (mouses!), shy person
50
List the forms of lexical innovation
neologism invention of new lexical items transfer of meaning derivation of new senses of established words combining / modifying existing lexical material > abbreviatory function of lexical innovation > word as lexical element has concept defining role
51
List the types of word formation
``` compounding affixation conversion back-formation clipping blending acronymisation abbreviation reduplicatives ```
52
Define compounding
combining two constituents | e.g. breadwinner, art gallery
53
Define affixation
prefixation combining two constituents so that a bound morpheme (prefix) precedes the second constituent > change of word class suffixation combining two constituents so that a bound morpheme (suffix) follows the first constituent
54
Define conversion
new word formed without any formal change (work V > N) > zero-derivation: addition of zero-morpheme > change of word class
55
Define back-formation
taking off a sequence of phonemes resembling a suffix from an existing word e.g. laze, burgle, televise > change of word class
56
Define clipping
shortening polysyllabic word | e.g. ad, demo, phone
57
Define blending
word from two existing words by maintaining elements of both constituents e.g. heliport, smog, brunch
58
Define acronymisation
initial letters of words of compound, pronounced as one word e.g. NATO > acronym
59
Define abbreviation
initial letters of words of compound, pronounced separately | e.g. PhD, U.N.
60
Name an example of reduplicatives
see-saw, wishy-washy
61
Define familiarity marker
making a word shorter and adding an affix e.g. telly, comfy > usually combined with clipping
62
List the possible restrictions to productive word formation
phonological e.g. {-ish} does not combine with /ʃ/ or /tʃ/ morphological e.g. {-ness} cannot be followed by another suffix semantic e.g. {-ess} only for human begins or higher animals etymological e.g. {in-} / {dis-} only with adjectives of Romance origin
63
Explain nonce formation
word that has been formed and used by a speaker only once
64
Explain the difference between lexicalization and institutionalisation
institutionalisation (established) known and used by large number of speakers lexicalization word formation that can no longer be fully related to the underlying word formation process

Linguistics (10 decks)

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