Morphology

Question 1

Analyse the following word morphologically:

hours

Answer 1

{hour} free, lexical

{-s} bound, grammatical > inflectional

Question 2

Analyse the following word morphologically:

boredom

Answer 2

{bore} free, lexical

{-dom} bound, lexical > derivational

Question 3

Analyse the following word morphologically:

interfaculty

Answer 3

{inter-} bound, lexical > derivational

{faculty} free, lexical

Question 4

Analyse the following word morphologically:

looked

Answer 4

{look} free, lexical

{-ed} bound, grammatical > inflectional

Question 5

Analyse the following word morphologically:

dogs

Answer 5

{dog} free, lexical

{-s} bound, grammatical > inflectional

Question 6

Analyse the following word morphologically:

unfilled

Answer 6

{un-} bound, lexical > derivational
{fill} free, lexical
{-ed} bound, grammatical > inflexional

Question 7

Analyse the following word morphologically:

began

Answer 7

{begin} free, lexical
{past tense} bound, grammatical
> portmanteau morph

Question 8

Analyse the following word morphologically:

ungentlemanly

Answer 8

{un-} bound, lexical > derivational
{gentle} free, lexical
{man} free, lexical
{-ly} bound, lexical > derivational

Question 9

Analyse the following word morphologically:

disinterestedness

Answer 9

{dis-} bound, lexical
{interest} free, lexical
{-ed} bound, lexical > derivational
{-ness} bound, lexical

Question 10

Analyse the following word morphologically:

deactivators

Answer 10

{de-}  bound, lexical
{active}  free, lexical
{-ate}  bound, lexical
{-or}  bound, lexical
{S}  bound, grammatical

Question 11

Analyse the following word morphologically:

traditional

Answer 11

{tradition} free, lexical

{-al} bound, lexical

Question 12

Analyse the following word morphologically:

closeness

Answer 12

{close} free, lexical

{-ness} bound, lexical

Question 13

Analyse the following word morphologically:

fish (plural)

Answer 13

{fish} free, lexical

{∅} bound, grammatical

Question 14

Analyse the following word morphologically:

bathtub

Answer 14

{bath} free, lexical

{tub} free, lexical

Question 15

Analyse the following word morphologically:

machines

Answer 15

{machine} free, lexical

{S} bound, grammatical

Question 16

Analyse the following word morphologically:

conditioning

Answer 16

{condition} free, lexical

{-ing} bound, lexical

Question 17

Analyse the following word morphologically:

overstimulation

Answer 17

{over-} bound, lexical
{stimulate} free, lexical
{-ion} bound, lexical

Question 18

Explain the difference between ‘base’ and ‘root’

Answer 18

base
morpheme or combination of morphemes to which a derivational or inflectional morpheme is attached
e.g. coastline in coastlines, questionable in unquestionable

root
single morphemes that are not affixes
e.g. coast and line in coastline, question in unquestionable

Question 19

Explain phonological conditioning

Answer 19

occurrence of allophone depends on preceding phoneme

> allomorphes / allophones appear based on phonetics

Question 20

Explain lexical conditioning

Answer 20

occurrence of allophone as property of individual word

> whether or not a word takes {S} or one of the other options for plural

Question 21

Explain morphological conditioning

Answer 21

derivational morpheme requires particular allomorph

> which allomorph is used

Question 22

Define morpheme

Answer 22

smallest abstract linguistic unit that serves to carry meaning

Question 23

Define allomorph

Answer 23

one of several possible phonological realizations of a morpheme

Question 24

Explain the difference between phonological, lexical and morphological conditioning

Answer 24

phonological
occurrence of allophone depends on preceding phoneme

lexical
occurrence of allophone as property of individual word

morphological
derivational morpheme requires particular allomorph

Question 25

Explain the difference between inflection and derivation

Answer 25

inflection
distinguishes different grammatical forms of same word
> inflectional morphemes: bound, grammatical

derivation
way of forming new words
> derivational morphemes: bound, lexical

Question 26

Define portmanteau morph

Answer 26

a morph that represents two different morphemes

> began represents {begin} and {past tense}

Question 27

Define suppletion

Answer 27

no formal resemblance to other forms of verb
> went represents {go} + {past tense}
> {went} => suppletion

Question 28

Define zero-morph

Answer 28

“invisible” affix
> {put} + {Ø} > past tense
> {sheep} + {Ø} > plural

Question 29

Define cranberry morpheme

Answer 29

also unique / blocked morpheme
> occurs only once in the language
> {cran} in cranberry
> {rasp} in raspberry
> {twi} in twilight

Question 30

Explain the morphological difference in forming the past tense of weak and strong verbs

Answer 30

weak verbs
form past tense by a {D}-suffix

strong verbs
regular vowel change
> ablaut