Word classes (comes under word levels but deserves its own set of cards)

Question 1

Enumerator

Answer 1

Noun. A person or thing that enumerates. It is a number.

Question 2

Nouns

Answer 2

Name something. Can be the subject of a sentence indirect object, direct object, subject compliment, object compliment, appositive or an adjective.

Question 3

Pronouns

Answer 3

Used instead of a noun or noun phrase, used when the listener knows what/who is being referred to.

Question 4

Personal Pronouns (Nominative and Objective)

Answer 4

Refer to a specific person or thing in a sentence

Nominative Personal pronouns: can act as the subject of a sentence: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

Objective Personal Pronouns: act as the objects of a sentence: me, you, him, her, it, us, them

Question 5

Possessive Pronouns

Answer 5

Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that show ownership: my/mine, your/yours, his, her/hers etc

Question 6

Reflexive Pronouns

Answer 6

Reflexive Pronouns are used to show that the subject of the sentence is receiving the action of the verb: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourself, themselves.

Question 7

Intensive Pronouns

Answer 7

Intensive Pronouns are used only to place emphasis on the subject and are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. They are always placed next to the subject that they’re referring to: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves.

Question 8

Demonstrative Pronouns

Answer 8

Demonstrative Pronouns are used to identify nouns: this, that, these, those.

Question 9

Interrogative Pronouns

Answer 9

Interrogative Pronouns are used only in reference to a question: who, what, which, whom, whose

Question 10

Relative Pronouns

Answer 10

Relative pronouns are used to connect clarifying information to nouns or other pronouns within a sentence: who, that, which, whom, whoever, whose, whichever, whomever, whatever.

Question 11

Indefinite Pronouns

Answer 11

Indefinite Pronouns are used in reference to a person used to identify a general group of people or things: everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, somebody, most, all, each, every, some, none, one, few, both, many, several.

Question 12

Reciprocal Pronouns

Answer 12

Reciprocal Pronouns are used to refer to a mutual set of people: each other, each other’s, one another, one another’s.

Question 13

Verbs

Answer 13

Verbs refer to actions

Question 14

Dynamic Verbs

Answer 14

Dynamic verbs describe actions

Question 15

Stative verbs

Answer 15

Stative verbs refer to feelings or states

Question 16

Auxiliary Verbs

Answer 16

Auxiliary verbs are used to change another verb’s mood, voice or tense

Question 17

Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Answer 17

Modal Auxiliary Verbs show capability, possibility or necessity.

Question 18

Phrasal Verbs

Answer 18

Phrasal Verbs are those that act as a single verb, usually consisting of a verb and a preposition.

Question 19

Adjective order

Answer 19

general opinion, specific opinion, size, shape, age, colour, origin, construction

Question 20

Adverbs

Answer 20

Describe an adjective, verb, another adverb or a sentence.

Question 21

Temporal Adverbs

Answer 21

Temporal Adverbs describe when the action took place.

Are otherwise known as adverbs of time.

Question 22

Preposition

Answer 22

Prepositions tell of the relationship between other words in a sentence.

Question 23

Conjunctions (+three types of conjunction)

Answer 23

Conjunctions connect clauses.
-Coordinating conjunctions: join clauses of equal rank
-Correlative conjunctions: either/or , neither/nor
-subordinating conjunctions: join dependent and independent clauses.

Question 24

Infinitive verbs

Answer 24

The basic form of a verb that presents an action as an idea or a concept rather than the specific action of a subject. Is usually proceeded by “to”.

“to shout”, “to speak”

Question 25

Adjective types

Answer 25

comparative: formed, usually, by adding an er inflection, comparing the noun to others, for example, ‘slower’

superlative: formed, usually, by adding est. More definite than comparative, for example, ‘slowest’

base: normal nouns.

Question 26

types of adverbs

Answer 26

circumstance adverbs: modify verbs, giving details of. time,manner, place and frequency

degree adverbs: modify adjectives and show the degree of the adjective e.g. really, very

sentence adverbs: modify a whole sentence, can act as discourse markers, conjunctions or can express attitude

Question 27

Adverbials

Answer 27

Phrases that act as adverbs.

Question 28

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Answer 28

A verb is transitive when the action of the verb passes from the subject to the direct object. Intransitive verbs don’t need an object to make sense – they have meaning on their own

Question 29

Base adjective

Answer 29

do not compare or intensify, just normal adjectives.

Question 30

main and copular verbs

Answer 30

main: shows the action or state of the subject

copular: joins a subject with an adjective or noun compliment. can be used repeatedly to sound assertive/dogmatic

Question 31

Epistemic and Deontic modal verbs

Answer 31

Epistemic modal verb: refers to the possibility of something being true

Deontic modal verb: refers to obligation or ability

Epistemic and Deontic modal verbs will often be the same words just being used differently
can, shall, must