Word Bank Flashcards
1
Q
Viscera
A
Organs in 3 major body cavities (cranial, thoracic, abdomino-pelvic)
2
Q
CNS
A
Central Nervous System
3
Q
Lymph
A
Interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic system
4
Q
Superior
A
Towards upper part of body.
or
Above another body part
5
Q
Inferior
A
Towards lower part of body
or
Below another body part
6
Q
Anterior
A
AKA ventral
Towards front of body
7
Q
Posterior
A
AKA Dorsal
Towards back of body
8
Q
Superficial
A
Near surface of body (sometimes relative)
9
Q
Deep
A
Further from surface of body (can be relative)
10
Q
Proximal
A
Nearer to source
(bicep’s femoris’s origin is proximal to its insertion)
11
Q
Distal
A
Further from source
radius is distal to the humerus
12
Q
Medial
A
Towards the midline
13
Q
Lateral
A
Away from the midline
14
Q
Midline
A
Vertical line through the centre of the body
15
Q
Sagittal plane
A
Vertical plane, dividing body into left and right
16
Q
Frontal plane
A
Divides body into front/back or anterior and posterior
17
Q
Transverse plane
A
Divides body into top/bottom or superior/anterior- at waist
18
Q
Name body quadrants
A
Right Upper,
Right Lower
Left Upper
Left Lower
19
Q
Cubital
A
Elbow
20
Q
Carpal
A
Wrist
21
Q
Palmar
A
Palm
22
Q
Lumbar
A
Loin/back
23
Q
Gluteal
A
Buttock
24
Q
Perineal
A
Taint
25
Calcaneal
Heel
26
Plantar
Sole of foot
27
Popliteal
Back of knee
28
Occipital
Back of head
29
Cervical
Back of neck
30
Cephalic
Head
31
Cranial
Skull
32
Pedal
Foot
33
Tarsal
Ankle
34
Crural
Leg
35
Patellar
Front of knee
36
Femoral
Thigh
37
Inguinal
Groin
38
Pelvic
Pelvis
39
Abdominal
Abdomen
40
Umbilical
Navel
41
Costal
Ribs
42
Axilliary
Armpit
43
Brachial
Arm
44
Mammary
Breast
45
Thoracic
Chest
46
Buccal
Cheek
47
Oral
Mouth
48
Orbital
Eye
49
Frontal
Forehead
50
Posterior
Closer to the back or the back of the body
Term of comparison/ relationship
51
Superior
Closer to the head
Term of comparison/ relationship
52
Inferior
Closer to the feet
Term of comparison/ relationship
53
Medial
Closer to the midline of the body
Term of comparison/ relationship
54
Lateral
Further from the midline
Term of comparison/ relationship
55
Superficial
Closer to the surface
Term of comparison/ relationship
56
Deep
Further from the surface
Term of comparison/ relationship
57
Proximal
Closer to the trunk
Term of comparison/ relationship
58
Distal
Further from the trunk
Term of comparison/ relationship
59
Flexion
Bending joint to make angle between 2 bones smaller
Joints: Hips, knees, toes, neck, shoulders, elbow, wrists, fingers, trunk
Term of movement
60
Extension
Straightening joint to make angle between 2 bones larger
Joints: Hips, knees, toes, neck, shoulders, elbow, wrists, fingers, trunk
Term of movement
61
Abduction
Moving away from midline
Joints: Hips, shoulders
Term of movement
62
Adduction
Moving toward midline
Joints: Hips, shoulders
Term of movement
63
Lateral flexion
Movement of spine
Joint: neck- tilt ear to touch shoulder
Term of movement
64
Internal rotation
Rotating limb- anterior surface moves medially
Shoulder when you scratch your back
Term of movement
65
Collagen
Fibrous protein that gives strength to connective tissue
66
Epithelial
Type of body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body, lines body cavities and hollow organs and is the major tissue in glands
Greek- "epi" means "over" or "outer"
67
Myocytes
fibres that make up muscle tissue
68
Integumentary System
Organ consists of skin, hair and nails
69
Merkel Cell
touch receptors found in the skin- involved in sensation of light touch
70
Atrioventricular opening
opening between atrium and ventricle of the heart
71
Carbon dioxide
chemical compound composed of 2 Oxygen Atoms, each bonded to a single carbon atom. CO2 is removed from the body and replaced with oxygen during respiration
C=O C=O
72
Absorption
the process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Digestive system: digested food moves through the intestinal wall and into the blood
73
Amino acids
building blocks of protein
play key role in transport and storage of nutrients within the body, as well as for waste deposits produced in connection with metabolism
74
Carbohydrates
One of main types of body nutrients. Two types: simple and complex.
Most important source of energy in the human body. Carbs turn into glucose, (blood sugar). Used for energy in cells, tissue, organs.
75
Deglutition
swallowing or moving food from mouth to stomach
76
Digestion
changing composition of food so it can be used by the body
77
Disaccharides
Any class of sugar whose molecules contain 2 monosaccharide residues
(carbs, lactose, sucrose)
78
Egestion/Defacation
The end process of eliminating waste or undigested foods at the lower end of the digestive tract
79
Enzymes
Digestion: break down polymeric macromolecules into smaller building blocks in order to facilitate their absorption by the body
80
Fats
major sources of energy in the diet
contain more than 2x the number of calories per gram than carbs.
Some fats are essential to the body (insulate, assist with absorption of nutrients, keep skin/hair/nails healthy)
Saturated/trans fats are not generally good for health- cholesterol and heart disease
81
Fatty acids
building blocks of fat in our bodies and food we eat. Fats are broken down into fatty acids- absorbed into blood
82
Glycerol
an alcohol that is a component of fats
83
Ingestion
taking food into the body
84
Monosaccharides
Any class of sugars that cannot be hydrolysed to give a simpler sugar
85
Proteins
Large complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body
86
Peptones
soluble protein formed in the early stage of protein breakdown during digestion
87
Polypeptides
consist of large number of amino- acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part or the whole of a protein molecule
88
Polysaccharides
carbohydrate such as starch, cellulose, glycogen whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
89
Fascia
loose or areolar connective tissue that holds muscle fibres together to form a muscle organ
90
Ligament
elastic connective tissue that supports joints and anchors organs
91
Morphogenesis
muscles form into internal organs
92
Muscle fibre
an individual muscle cell
93
Myofibril
contain protein filaments such as actin and myosin that slide during contraction (shortening of the muscle fibre)
94
Myogenesis
muscles tissue formation in the embryo
95
Origin
the immovable attachment of a muscle, or the point at which a muscle is anchored by a tendon to the bone
96
Sarcoplasm
the cellular cytoplasm in a muscle fibre
97
Tendon
Connective tissue made up of collagen, a fibrous protein that attaches muscles to bone and lets muscles apply their force at some distance from where a contraction actually takes place
98
Anoxia
oxygen deficiency in which the cells either don't have or can't utilise sufficient oxygen to perform normal functions
99
Asphyxia
a lack of oxygen with an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues
100
cillated psuedo stratified epithelium
type of tissue that lines parts of respiratory system (nasal cavity, trachea), covers and protects certain areas of the body with cilia (small hairs) embedded within, capturing particles
101
Expiration/Exhalation
diaphragm returns to it's domed shape as the muscle fibres relax and intercostal muscles contract. Ribs are pulled back into place, decreasing volume of the thoracic cavity and increasing pressure, forcing air out of the lungs
102
Hypoxia
low oxygen content in the inspired air
103
Inspiration/ inhalation
muscles of the diaphragm, and the external intercostal, contract- pulling the rubs upwards and increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
104
Lung capacity
vital capacity plus the residual air
105
Mediastinum
Region between the lungs extending from the sternum ventrally (front) to the thoracic vertebrae dorsally (back) and superiorly (top) from the entrance of the thoracic cavity to the diaphragm inferiorly (bottom)
106
Mucous
slippery secretion produced by and covering mucous membranes. mucous fluid is typically produced from cells found in mucous glands. These cells secrete products that are rich in glycoproteins and water
107
Phrenic nerve
the nerve that innervates (stimulates) the diaphragm
108
Pseudostratified
appearing to be striated but is actually only a single layer of cells
109
Vital capacity
the volume of air moved by the most forceful expiration after a maximum inspiration. It represents the total moveable air in the lungs (4,600 cubic cm in an adult)
110
Condyle
An oval articular prominence of a bone
111
Diaphysis
The shaft or central part of a long bone
112
Epiphysis
the rounded end of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft
113
Facet
smooth, flat (or nearly) articulating surface
114
Foramen
Skeletal: a hole
115
Fossa
Skeletal: a deeper depression
116
Growth Plate
Region in a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis where growth in length occurs
117
Head (bone part)
Large, rounded articular end of a bone; often set off from the shaft by a neck
118
Manubrium
superior region of the sternum that articulates with the clavicle
119
Process (Skeletal System)
a broad designation for any prominence or prologation
120
Trochanter
Large, usually blunt process
121
Tubercle
Smaller, rounded prominence
122
Tuberosity
large, often rough eminence
123
Xiphoid Process
lowest part of the sternum, an attachment point for the diaphragm and some abdominal muscles
124
PNS
Parasympathetic Nervous System
125
Cranial (directional term)
Towards the head
126
Caudal (directional term)
Towards tailbone
