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Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapies- ITEC > Word Bank > Flashcards

Word Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Viscera

A

Organs in 3 major body cavities (cranial, thoracic, abdomino-pelvic)

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2
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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3
Q

Lymph

A

Interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic system

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4
Q

Superior

A

Towards upper part of body.
or
Above another body part

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5
Q

Inferior

A

Towards lower part of body
or
Below another body part

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6
Q

Anterior

A

AKA ventral

Towards front of body

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7
Q

Posterior

A

AKA Dorsal
Towards back of body

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8
Q

Superficial

A

Near surface of body (sometimes relative)

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9
Q

Deep

A

Further from surface of body (can be relative)

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10
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to source
(bicep’s femoris’s origin is proximal to its insertion)

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11
Q

Distal

A

Further from source

radius is distal to the humerus

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12
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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14
Q

Midline

A

Vertical line through the centre of the body

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15
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane, dividing body into left and right

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16
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides body into front/back or anterior and posterior

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17
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into top/bottom or superior/anterior- at waist

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18
Q

Name body quadrants

A

Right Upper,
Right Lower
Left Upper
Left Lower

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19
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow

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20
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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21
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

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22
Q

Lumbar

A

Loin/back

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23
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

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24
Q

Perineal

A

Taint

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25
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

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26
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

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27
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

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28
Q

Occipital

A

Back of head

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29
Q

Cervical

A

Back of neck

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30
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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31
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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32
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

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33
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

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34
Q

Crural

A

Leg

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35
Q

Patellar

A

Front of knee

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36
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

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37
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

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38
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

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39
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomen

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40
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

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41
Q

Costal

A

Ribs

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42
Q

Axilliary

A

Armpit

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43
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

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44
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

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45
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

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46
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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47
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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48
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

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49
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

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50
Q

Posterior

A

Closer to the back or the back of the body
Term of comparison/ relationship

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51
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head

Term of comparison/ relationship

52
Q

Inferior

A

Closer to the feet

Term of comparison/ relationship

53
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the midline of the body

Term of comparison/ relationship

54
Q

Lateral

A

Further from the midline

Term of comparison/ relationship

55
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface

Term of comparison/ relationship

56
Q

Deep

A

Further from the surface

Term of comparison/ relationship

57
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the trunk

Term of comparison/ relationship

58
Q

Distal

A

Further from the trunk

Term of comparison/ relationship

59
Q

Flexion

A

Bending joint to make angle between 2 bones smaller

Joints: Hips, knees, toes, neck, shoulders, elbow, wrists, fingers, trunk

Term of movement

60
Q

Extension

A

Straightening joint to make angle between 2 bones larger

Joints: Hips, knees, toes, neck, shoulders, elbow, wrists, fingers, trunk

Term of movement

61
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from midline

Joints: Hips, shoulders

Term of movement

62
Q

Adduction

A

Moving toward midline

Joints: Hips, shoulders

Term of movement

63
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Movement of spine

Joint: neck- tilt ear to touch shoulder

Term of movement

64
Q

Internal rotation

A

Rotating limb- anterior surface moves medially

Shoulder when you scratch your back

Term of movement

65
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous protein that gives strength to connective tissue

66
Q

Epithelial

A

Type of body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body, lines body cavities and hollow organs and is the major tissue in glands
Greek- “epi” means “over” or “outer”

67
Q

Myocytes

A

fibres that make up muscle tissue

68
Q

Integumentary System

A

Organ consists of skin, hair and nails

69
Q

Merkel Cell

A

touch receptors found in the skin- involved in sensation of light touch

70
Q

Atrioventricular opening

A

opening between atrium and ventricle of the heart

71
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

chemical compound composed of 2 Oxygen Atoms, each bonded to a single carbon atom. CO2 is removed from the body and replaced with oxygen during respiration

C=O C=O

72
Q

Absorption

A

the process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.

Digestive system: digested food moves through the intestinal wall and into the blood

73
Q

Amino acids

A

building blocks of protein
play key role in transport and storage of nutrients within the body, as well as for waste deposits produced in connection with metabolism

74
Q

Carbohydrates

A

One of main types of body nutrients. Two types: simple and complex.
Most important source of energy in the human body. Carbs turn into glucose, (blood sugar). Used for energy in cells, tissue, organs.

75
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing or moving food from mouth to stomach

76
Q

Digestion

A

changing composition of food so it can be used by the body

77
Q

Disaccharides

A

Any class of sugar whose molecules contain 2 monosaccharide residues
(carbs, lactose, sucrose)

78
Q

Egestion/Defacation

A

The end process of eliminating waste or undigested foods at the lower end of the digestive tract

79
Q

Enzymes

A

Digestion: break down polymeric macromolecules into smaller building blocks in order to facilitate their absorption by the body

80
Q

Fats

A

major sources of energy in the diet
contain more than 2x the number of calories per gram than carbs.
Some fats are essential to the body (insulate, assist with absorption of nutrients, keep skin/hair/nails healthy)
Saturated/trans fats are not generally good for health- cholesterol and heart disease

81
Q

Fatty acids

A

building blocks of fat in our bodies and food we eat. Fats are broken down into fatty acids- absorbed into blood

82
Q

Glycerol

A

an alcohol that is a component of fats

83
Q

Ingestion

A

taking food into the body

84
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Any class of sugars that cannot be hydrolysed to give a simpler sugar

85
Q

Proteins

A

Large complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body

86
Q

Peptones

A

soluble protein formed in the early stage of protein breakdown during digestion

87
Q

Polypeptides

A

consist of large number of amino- acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part or the whole of a protein molecule

88
Q

Polysaccharides

A

carbohydrate such as starch, cellulose, glycogen whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

89
Q

Fascia

A

loose or areolar connective tissue that holds muscle fibres together to form a muscle organ

90
Q

Ligament

A

elastic connective tissue that supports joints and anchors organs

91
Q

Morphogenesis

A

muscles form into internal organs

92
Q

Muscle fibre

A

an individual muscle cell

93
Q

Myofibril

A

contain protein filaments such as actin and myosin that slide during contraction (shortening of the muscle fibre)

94
Q

Myogenesis

A

muscles tissue formation in the embryo

95
Q

Origin

A

the immovable attachment of a muscle, or the point at which a muscle is anchored by a tendon to the bone

96
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

the cellular cytoplasm in a muscle fibre

97
Q

Tendon

A

Connective tissue made up of collagen, a fibrous protein that attaches muscles to bone and lets muscles apply their force at some distance from where a contraction actually takes place

98
Q

Anoxia

A

oxygen deficiency in which the cells either don’t have or can’t utilise sufficient oxygen to perform normal functions

99
Q

Asphyxia

A

a lack of oxygen with an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues

100
Q

cillated psuedo stratified epithelium

A

type of tissue that lines parts of respiratory system (nasal cavity, trachea), covers and protects certain areas of the body with cilia (small hairs) embedded within, capturing particles

101
Q

Expiration/Exhalation

A

diaphragm returns to it’s domed shape as the muscle fibres relax and intercostal muscles contract. Ribs are pulled back into place, decreasing volume of the thoracic cavity and increasing pressure, forcing air out of the lungs

102
Q

Hypoxia

A

low oxygen content in the inspired air

103
Q

Inspiration/ inhalation

A

muscles of the diaphragm, and the external intercostal, contract- pulling the rubs upwards and increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity

104
Q

Lung capacity

A

vital capacity plus the residual air

105
Q

Mediastinum

A

Region between the lungs extending from the sternum ventrally (front) to the thoracic vertebrae dorsally (back) and superiorly (top) from the entrance of the thoracic cavity to the diaphragm inferiorly (bottom)

106
Q

Mucous

A

slippery secretion produced by and covering mucous membranes. mucous fluid is typically produced from cells found in mucous glands. These cells secrete products that are rich in glycoproteins and water

107
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

the nerve that innervates (stimulates) the diaphragm

108
Q

Pseudostratified

A

appearing to be striated but is actually only a single layer of cells

109
Q

Vital capacity

A

the volume of air moved by the most forceful expiration after a maximum inspiration. It represents the total moveable air in the lungs (4,600 cubic cm in an adult)

110
Q

Condyle

A

An oval articular prominence of a bone

111
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft or central part of a long bone

112
Q

Epiphysis

A

the rounded end of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft

113
Q

Facet

A

smooth, flat (or nearly) articulating surface

114
Q

Foramen

A

Skeletal: a hole

115
Q

Fossa

A

Skeletal: a deeper depression

116
Q

Growth Plate

A

Region in a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis where growth in length occurs

117
Q

Head (bone part)

A

Large, rounded articular end of a bone; often set off from the shaft by a neck

118
Q

Manubrium

A

superior region of the sternum that articulates with the clavicle

119
Q

Process (Skeletal System)

A

a broad designation for any prominence or prologation

120
Q

Trochanter

A

Large, usually blunt process

121
Q

Tubercle

A

Smaller, rounded prominence

122
Q

Tuberosity

A

large, often rough eminence

123
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

lowest part of the sternum, an attachment point for the diaphragm and some abdominal muscles

124
Q

PNS

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

125
Q

Cranial (directional term)

A

Towards the head

126
Q

Caudal (directional term)

A

Towards tailbone

Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapies- ITEC (22 decks)

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