Pathologies

Question 1

Eczema
Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects, contagious?

Answer 1

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Congenital: Patches of extremely dry skin, itchy, uncomfortable. Non-contagious.

Question 2

Psoriasis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 2

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Congenital: Chronic inflammatory skin disease, red patches with silvery scales- constantly shed. Non-contagious.

Question 3

Acne rosacea

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 3

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Bacterial: Flushed reddened skin, can be aggravated by vasodilation (heat, spicy food, sunshine, alcohol, cold. Non-contagious.

Question 4

Boils

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 4

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Bacterial infection, often a group of hair follicles. Forms lump deep in skin.

Question 5

Acne vulgaris

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 5

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects:
Bacterial: Often caused by hormonal imbalances- increase sebum production, causes blocked glands and infection. Appears shiny, sallow with pustules, papules, comedones. Prone to open pores. Non-contagious

Question 6

Carbuncles

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 6

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Bacterial: a region of multiple infected boils connected under the skin. Non-contagious

Question 7

Impetigo

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 7

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects:
Bacterial: a skin infection forming pustules and yellow crusty sores. Contagious

Question 8

Folliculitis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 8

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Bacterial: inflammation of the hair follicles. Non-contagious

Question 9

Warts

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 9

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Viral: a small, hard, benign growth on the skin, caused by a virus. Contagious.

Question 10

Verrucae

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 10

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Viral: warts, caused by virus. caused by viruses when they gain access to skin (often through cuts) and mucus membranes (which are less protected). The virus surrounds itself with epithelial tissue to protect itself from the immune system, causing a limited benign tumour. This also explains why they tend to come back if not completely removed. Plantar warts are usually painful warts on the sole of the foot. Contagious.

Question 11

Herpes Simplex

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 11

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Viral: infection caused by a group of herpes viruses, which may produce cold sores, genital inflammation, or conjunctivitis. Contagious.

Question 12

Herpes Zoster

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 12

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Viral: herpes virus that causes shingles and chickenpox. Contagious.

Question 13

Candida

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 13

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Fungal: The yeast known as candida can infect mucus membranes. It is well known to cause yeast infections of the vagina and vulva in women. Non- contagious.

Question 14

Tinea Corporis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 14

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Fungal: a skin infection due to fungi. It is also called ringworm of the body. Contagious.

Question 15

Tinea Pedis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 15

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Fungal: the term used for a dermatophyte infection of the soles of the feet and the interdigital spaces. Contagious.

Question 16

Vitiligo

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 16

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: a condition in which the pigment is lost from areas of the skin, causing whitish patches, often with no clear cause. Non-contagious

Question 17

Albinism

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 17

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: a genetic condition also called achromia, achromasia, or achromatosis. It is characterized by a deficit in the production of melanin and by the partial or complete absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. Non-contagious.

Question 18

Chloasma

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 18

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: a temporary condition, typically caused by hormonal changes, in which large brown patches form on the skin. Non-contagious.

Question 19

Lentigo

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 19

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder:
a condition marked by small brown patches on the skin, typically in elderly people. Non-contagious.

Question 20

Moles

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 20

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: a pigmented spot, mark, or small permanent protuberance on the human body. Non-contagious.

Question 21

Port Wine Stain

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 21

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: a kind of large, deep red birthmark, a persistent haemangioma or naevus, typically on the face. Non-contagious.

Question 22

Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 22

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: most often found on dark skinned individuals, these are raised darkened portions of skin. Non-contagious.

Question 23

Ephilides

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 23

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: also known as freckles, these are concentrations of darker-pigmented skin on otherwise pale skin. Non-contagious.

Question 24

Naevae

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 24

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: also known as birth marks, they are concentrated regions of dark and sometimes malformed skin present at birth. A Port Wine Stain (above) is a type of naevae. Non-contagious.

Question 25

Papilloma

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 25

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Pigmentation Disorder: a benign wart-like tumour of the epidermis. Non-contagious.

Question 26

Pediculosis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 26

System: Hair & Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Parasitic: an infestation of lice. They can inhabit hair of the head (pediculosiscapitis), body (pediculosis corporis), or pubis (pediculosis pubis). Contagious.

Question 27

Scabies

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 27

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Parasitic: is an itchy skin rash caused by burrowing into the skin of a mite known as Sarcoptes scabiei. Contagious.

Question 28

Broken Capillaries

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 28

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: tiny blood vessels at the surface of the skin. Non-contagious.

Question 29

Urticaria

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 29

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: a rash of round, red welts on the skin which itch intensely, sometimes with dangerous swelling, caused by an allergic reaction, typically to specific foods. Non-contagious.

Question 30

Comedone

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 30

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects:
technical term for a blackhead. Non-contagious.

Question 31

Cysts

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 31

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: fluid filled sacs. Non-contagious.

Question 32

Crow’s feet

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 32

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: wrinkles and fine lines found around the eyes. Non-contagious.

Question 33

Chilblains

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 33

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: after exposure to cold, some susceptible individuals will develop reditching, swollen or blistering patches of skin. Non-contagious.

Question 34

Dermatitis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 34

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: inflammation of skin characterised by erythema - redness, itching, swelling of the dermis, which could have many causes. Allergic, contact with irritating substance, etc. Non-contagious.

Question 35

Keloid scars

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 35

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: an overgrowth of scar tissue following healing from a wound. It is more common in darker skinned individuals. Non-contagious.

Question 36

Loss of sensation

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 36

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects:
can be due to a number of causes, such as nerve damage,impingement, or toxic exposure to substances. Non-contagious.

Question 37

Milia

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 37

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin. Non-contagious.

Question 38

Striae

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 38

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: stretch marks. These are caused by a rapid increase in surface are of the skin, often caused by growth spurts, weight gain, and/or pregnancy. Non-contagious.

Question 39

UV damage

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 39

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: the sun can damage the cells in the skin, including the DNA in basalcells, keratinocytes, and melanocytes. Non-contagious.

Question 40

Utricaria

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 40

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: also known as hives, it is a skin rash which develops in response to ingested allergens. Non-contagious.

Question 41

Verrucae filiformis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 41

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: Viral: an elongated wart that usually appears on the face or neck. It is caused by a virus and is not the same thing as a skin tag. Contagious.

Question 42

Xanthomas

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 42

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: a yellow circular patch in the skin containing lipids and cholesterol. This is most often related to other disease states involving lipid metabolism. Non-contagious.

Question 43

Cellulitis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 43

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: a bacterial infection of the skin and regions deep to the skin, often in regions that were recently injured (open wounds). It often looks red, swollen and warm and it potentially very serious. Non-contagious, however could spread through cuts, abrasions, etc.

Question 44

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 44

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: a form of staph(bacterium) infection that has become resistant to traditional antibiotics and thus very difficult to treat and potentially very dangerous. The bacterium can infect a number of tissues, but open skin wounds are common entry points. Contagious.

Question 45

Pressure sores/ bed sores

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 45

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: injury of the skin due to prolonged pressure, for example lying in one position in a bed for too long. It is very common in hospitalized and elderly populations.
Non-contagious.

Question 46

Bromhidrosis/osmidrosis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 46

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: foul smelling sweat. Non-contagious.

Question 47

Anhidrosis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 47

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: inability to sweat properly. Non-contagious.

Question 48

Hyperhidrosis

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 48

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: excessive sweating. Non-contagious.

Question 49

Scleroderma

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 49

System: Immune, Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: an auto-immune disease in which skin becomes tightened and hardened as the immune system mistakenly attacks connective tissues. Non-contagious.

Question 50

Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 50

System: Immune, Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: this condition does not just affect the skin, but it is frequently recognized by the butterfly-shaped rash on the face and inflammation of skin and connective tissues. It is an auto-immune disease, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks regular tissue. Non-contagious.

Question 51

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 51

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: is the most common type of skin cancer in the UK. It is anon-melanoma skin cancer caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun or from sun beds. It can occur anywhere on your body but is most common on areas that are often exposed to the sun, i.e. your face, head, neck and ears. It is also possible for it to develop where burns, scars or ulcers have damaged the skin. Non-contagious.

Question 52

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 52

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers (the epidermis). It can often look like scaly red patches, open sores, elevated growths with a central depression, or warts; they may crust or bleed. They can become disfiguring and sometimes deadly if allowed to grow. This type of cancer may occur on all areas of the body, including the mucous membranes and genitals, but are most common in areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the rim of the ear, lower lip, face, balding scalp, neck, hands, arms and legs. Often the skin in these areas reveals tell-tale signs of sun damage, including wrinkles, pigment changes, freckles, “age spots,” loss of elasticity, and broken blood vessels. It is mainly caused by cumulative ultraviolet (UV) exposure over the course of a lifetime; daily year-round exposure to the sun’s UV light, intense exposure in the summer months, and the UV produced by tanning beds all add to the damage that can lead this type of cancer.
Non-contagious.

Question 53

Malignant Melanoma

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 53

System: Skin/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: a cancer of the pigment cells of the skin. It is not contagious. Melanomas can come up in or near to a mole but can also appear on skin that looks quite normal. They develop when the skin pigment cells(melanocytes) become cancerous and multiply in an uncontrolled way. They can then invade the skin around them and may also spread to other areas such as the lymph nodes, liver and lungs. The main cause of this type of cancer is ultraviolet light, such as sun beds. Non-contagious.

Question 54

Alopecia

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 54

System: Hair/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: is a loss of hair. It comes in a variety of patterns with a variety of causes, although often it is idiopathic. Non-contagious.

Question 55

Androgenic Alopecia

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 55

System: Hair/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: male pattern baldness. It shows a strong familial trait and tends to affect men from their late teens onwards, becoming progressively more common with advancing age. It often occurs as a temporal and a central recession that produces a characteristic horseshoe shape of remaining hair. Women can also suffer with this but to a less obvious extent. Non-contagious.

Question 56

Hirsutism

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 56

System: Hair/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: excessive growth of thick dark hair in an androgen-dependent pattern where hair growth in women is usually minimal or absent (e.g. the face and chest). It can occur as a result of increased androgen production, increased skin sensitivity to androgens, or both. Non-contagious.

Question 57

Ingrown Hair

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 57

System: Hair/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: is a condition where hair curls back or grows sideways into the skin. The condition is most prevalent among people who have coarse or curly hair. It most commonly appears in areas where the skin is shaved or waxed (e.g. face or legs) but it can appear anywhere. Non-contagious.

Question 58

Sycosis Barbae

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 58

System: Hair/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: is a bacterial folliculitis of the bearded region, usually caused by a staphylococcus infection.

Question 59

Beau’s Line (transverse ridges)

Which system does this affect and what are the symptoms/effects; is it contagious?

Answer 59

System: Nails/Integumentary

Symptoms/Effects: transverse lines or grooves across the fingernails, or transverse depressions in the nail plate, from temporary disturbance of cell division where the nail develops. The condition may be caused by local disease or injury of the nail fold, or from a generalised condition such as an illness or drug. Non-contagious.