Wool Terms Flashcards
**Yolk**
(3 things)
Natural grease & suint covering wool fibers of unscoured fleece & excreted from glands in sheep’s skin.
Finer the wool, more abundant the yolk.
It serves to prevent entanglement of wool fibers and mechanical injury during growth of the fleece
**Worsted**
Yarn made from top under the Bradford and French systems
**Woolen**
Yarn made from shorter, cleaned fibers, usually by misting, oiling, picking, carding and spinning
Wool in the grease
Wool in its natural condition as it is shorn from a sheep
Wool Blind
Obstruction of vision (often complete) due to heavy face cover on face and around eyes
Wiry Wool
(Two things)
Wool that is inelastic and has poor spinning capacity
Usually straight and a result of poor breeding
Warp
(Two things)
The yarns running lengthwise in a fabric.
Usually stronger than the filling yarn in order to withstand the strain of weaving
**Virgin Wool**
Wool that has been clipped from a live sheep that has not been previously advanced in manufacturing to the stage where it contains twist
Vegetable Matter
Any kind of burr, seed, chaff, grass, etc. found in grease wool.
Top
A continuous, untwisted strand of wool fibers of predetermined length from which short fibers (noils) have been removed in the combing process
Tags
Large locks of britch wool clotted with dung and dirt
Tagging
(Two things)
Practice of cutting the dung locks off sheep.
Done immediately prior to shearing/ sometimes before lambing
**Suint**
(3 things)
Perspiration of a sheep
Consists largely of potash salts of various fatty acids and small quantities of sulfate, phosphate and nitrogenous substances
Soluble in water
Sorting
(2 things)
Process of separating a fleece into its various qualities according to diameter, length, color, strength, etc.
First operation after grease wool arrives at mill
Sisal
(2 things)
A vegetable fiber made into strong course twine
Used for binder twine
Shearlings
(3 things)
Pelts of slaughtered sheep carrying 1/4-1’’ growth of wool
Applied to short wool pulled from sheep recently shorn
English term for yearling sheep
Second Cuts
Fribs, short lengths of wool resulting from cutting wool fibers twice under careless shearing
Excessive # of these cuts **decreases average fiber length **and depreciates spinning quality
Scouring
Process of washing or cleansing wool of crease, soil and suint by washing in water-soap-alkali solution
Reused Wool (Shoddy)
(3 things)
Made from old wool which has actually been worn or used.
Cleaned and shredded into fibers again, blended to make utility fabrics
Consumer doesn’t realize used quality
Reprocessed Wool
Comprises scraps and clips of woven and felted fabrics made of previously unused wool
Reclaimed Wool
Wool reclaimed from new or old fabrics
Raw Wool
Wool in the grease
Quality
Fineness of wool fibers; expressed according to American or Bradford systems
Pool
Several clips which have been assembled for sale at one time
Persian Rugs
Genuine Persian rugs are made from wool in Iran and near perfection from standpoint of loom technique and actual weaving
Persian Lamb
A type of skin obtained from lambs of Karakul breed
Open Wool
(2 things)
Wool that is not dense on sheep and shows a distinct part down the ridge or middle of back
Usually found in coarser wool breeds
Noils
Short fibers removed from staple wool in combing or top making process
Satisfactory for manufacture of felts and woolens
Native Wool
Farm wool produced east of Mississippi River
Mushy
Wool that is dry and wasty in manufacturing
Mungo
(4 things)
Wool fibers recovered from old and new hard worsted and woolens of firm structure
Fibers < 1/2 inch in length
Reduced spinning and felting quality = Restricted largely to cheaper woolen blends
Shorter than shoddy fiber
