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Sheep Science > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

_____% of the annual production costs of a sheep operation is expended in feed.

A

50-65%

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2
Q

_____% of the total feed supply of the US sheep population is derived from roughages

A

94%

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3
Q

2 ways to make money in the sheep business

A
  1. Increase the value of lamb and wool

2. Reduce the cost of production

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4
Q

What concentrate provides more usable energy to sheep than any other common source?

A

Shelled corn

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5
Q

Roughages contain much more _____ than corn.

A

Fiber

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6
Q

Alfalfa, clover and other legume hays should be fed to provide _____

A

Protein

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7
Q

Production Stage: Flushing

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

14 days

8/1 - 8/14

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8
Q

Production Stage: Breeding

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

53 days

8/15 - 10/7

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9
Q

Production Stage: Early Gestation

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

110 days

9/7 - 12/26

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10
Q

Production Stage: Late Gestation

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

28 days

12/26 - 1/23

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11
Q

Production Stage: Average Lambing Date

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

1/23

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12
Q

Production Stage: Lactation

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

60 days

1/23 - 3/24

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13
Q

Production Stage: Average Weaning Date

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

3/24

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14
Q

Production Stage: Post-Weaning

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

10 days

3/24 - 4/3

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15
Q

Production Stage: Maintenance (open, dry)

  • # Days
  • Calendar dates
A

118

4/3 - 8/1

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16
Q

Production Stage: Flushing

What does it mean? What do you do?

A

Nutritional flushing means ewes are in rising body condition when they enter the breeding season
Provide extra dietary ENERGY

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17
Q

Research has shown that properly flushed ewes have ___ - ___% _____ lambing rates than non-flushed ewes.

A

15-20% higher lambing rates

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18
Q

What BCS should sheep have when they enter flushing?

A

1.5 - 2.0

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19
Q

Maximum ovulation rates are obtained with ewes in BC of ___ to ___ at mating time.

A

2.0 - 3.0

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20
Q

Ewes should gain ___ to ___ lb/hd/d during the 2-week flushing period and 3 weeks into breeding season for a total of _____ lb/hd

A

0.2 - 0.25 lb/hd/d

7 - 10 lb/hd total

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21
Q

How to increase gain during flushing?

A

Supplement with 0.5 - 1.0 lb/hd/d of grain and/or move the flock to a higher quality pasture

22
Q

Production Stage: Breeding

What does it mean? What do you do?

A

Continue flushing regimen 3 weeks into breeding
Leave ewes in same pasture 7-10d after rams are removed (research shows ^ embryo mortality due to altering of normal routines)
Provide loose trace mineral salt with Se and clean fresh water ad lib

23
Q

Breeding season BCS should not exceed

A

3.0 at the end of the season

24
Q

Production Stage: Early Gestation

What does it mean? What do you do?

A
  • Daily gains should only be 0.07 lb/hd/d (7.7 lb total)
  • Period where considerable feed costs can be saved
  • Maximize roughage use under grazing conditions - ewes can serve as scavengers
  • Provide loose trace mineral salt with Se and clean fresh water ad lib
25
Q

Grazing _____ is an efficient method of meeting the ewes’ nutrient requirements during early gestation

A

Alfalfa

26
Q

Quality of feed is not important during early gestation as long as …

A

The quantity is adequate

27
Q

Which production stage can feed the poorest quality hay?

A

Early gestation

28
Q

Which is more cost-efficient in early gestation: Pasture or grass hay?

A

Pasture - costs about $4/ewe/110-d

29
Q

End of early gestation BCS should not exceed

A

3.0

30
Q

_____ increases dramatically during the last 4-6 wk of gestation

A

Fetal growth

31
Q

Late gestation ewes should be fed more _____ rations

A

“Energy-dense”

32
Q

Production Stage: Late Gestation

What does it mean? What do you do?

A
  • Ewes should gain 0.4 - 0.5 lb/hd/d (15 - 30 lb total) during the last 4-6 wk of gestation
  • Condition score should increase from 3.0 to 3.5-4.0 (No more or less due to ketosis)
  • More concentrates should be fed and roughage should be higher quality
33
Q

What should you feed your late gestation ewes?

A

Corn silage, Ad lib
Alfalfa hay, midbloom 1.0 lb/hd/d
Shelled corn, 0.5 lb/hd/d

Provide loose trace mineral salt with Se and clean fresh water ad lib

34
Q

Production Stage: Lambing

What does it mean? What do you do?

A

Ewes and lambs should be moved into individual lambing pens
Provide only water for first 24 hr after lambing
Then, feed 3-5 lb of high quality alfalfa until moved to maternity pen 2-5 days after lambing

35
Q

Production Stage: Lactation

What does it mean? What do you do?

A

Feeding in lactation is for MILK production and not body condition

Corn silage, Ad lib
Alfalfa hay, midbloom 2.0 lb/hd/d
Shelled corn, 1.0 lb/hd/d
SBM, 0.4 lb/hd/d

Provide loose trace mineral salt with Se and clean fresh water ad lib

36
Q

Ewes should enter lactation in condition score

A

4.0

37
Q

High-producing ewes may lose _____ lb during lactation

A

15-30 lb

38
Q

After 60 d, BCSs of ewes may be as low as

A

1.5

39
Q

Daily nutrient requirements are highest in ewes during

A

Lactation

40
Q

Production Stage: Maintenance

What does it mean? What do you do?

A

Send to pasture and rotationally graze them to keep them from becoming overfat when the time for flushing arises

Provide loose trace mineral salt with Se and clean fresh water ad lib

41
Q

_____ is the most economical feed for ewes overall and should be used to the max during flushing/breeding, early gestation and maintenance

A

Pasture

42
Q

Always plan to feed _____ for _____ and _____ and _____.

A

Energy for energy

Protein for protein

43
Q

How many days of the year should you pasture your ewes?

A

281 days

44
Q

How many rams should you have for your flock?

A

6-7 rams per ewe

1 ram unit = 30-35 ewes

45
Q

Products of flushing

A

Synchronized breeding

15-20% increase in Lambing rate

46
Q

Average lambing date of October lambs

Average weaning date

A

October 15

December 15

47
Q

Average lambing date of April lambs

Average weaning date

A

April 13

June 20

48
Q

4 Possible KY Sheep Systems

A

S/O Lambing
J/F Lambing
April Lambing
Fattening Feeder lambs

49
Q

S/O Lambing Program produces spring lambs.

4 Advantages?

A

Assured of early market - fewer “late” lambs
Less labor needed in “open” falls
Stored feed is fed to most efficient animals
May be a means to increase size of operation

50
Q

S/O Lambing Program produces spring lambs.

2 Disadvantages?

A

Will require breeds that breed out of season

Black faced rams may be essential

51
Q

J/F Lambing Program produces spring lambs.

3 Advantages?

A

Uses slack winter work periods
Normal breeding season
Grass can make up large part of lamb ration (starts to grow M/A)

52
Q

S/O Lambing Program produces spring lambs.

3 Disadvantages?

A

Lambing in cold weather
Parasite control more difficult
“Late” lambs more of a problem

Sheep Science (13 decks)

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