Woods DON’T NEED Flashcards
Name the three classifications of woods
Softwood
Hardwood
Manufactured board
Name the two types of trees
Deciduous and coniferous
Describe what you mean by the term coniferous trees
Bear cones and needle shaped leaves that stay green all green round
Describe what you mean by the term deciduous trees
Flat leaves that fall in autumn
What is the timber called that comes from coniferous and deciduous trees
Coniferous trees provide timber known as softwood and deciduous trees provide timber known as hardwood.
Are hardwoods hard And difficult to cut into shape and soft woods soft and easy to cut into shape?
No, this is not the case. Balsa wood known for its lightest and ease of cutting is classified as a hardwood.
What are manufactured boards?
Those made from wood particles, dust or veneers.
Name two types of softwood
Pine
Cedar
Describe some properties and uses of pine
Relatively cheap wood
Used in the building trade for low cost furniture
Pale in colour, quite easy to cut and shape and cuts by machine relatively well
Name 3 types of pine
Scots pine
Pirana pine
Spruce
Name some properties and uses of cedar
Used for modelling and boat building.
Thought to repel moths so used a drawer linings in furniture
List 6 softwood properties
- Softwoods come from coniferous trees
- Softwoods are special because they don’t lose their needles
- Softwoods have needles instead of leaves
- Softwoods grow faster than hardwoods so are cheaper
- Often used as building materials
- Trees grow tall and straight which makes it easier for the manufacturer to cut long straight planks of wood
Name 6 types of hardwood
Oak Teak Balsa Beech Ash Mahogany
Discuss some properties and uses of oak
This is an expensive material and is used in making quality expensive furniture.
Steel fittings such as hinges will stain oak so it is important to use brass ones
Discuss some properties and uses of teak
A hardwood that contains oil which means it is resistant to decay. This is often used to make garden furniture or for wood block flooring.
Mahogany is also a hardwood. List some properties and uses
An easy to work with wood which is reddish brown in colour. This wood is very expensive
Discuss some properties and uses of balsa
Is a pale white to grey wood with a distinct velvety feel.
It has exceptional strength to weight properties.
It is the lightest and softest wood of the market despite being a hardwood.
Discuss some properties and uses of beech
A straight grained hardwood with a fine texture. Light in colour. Very hard so it is ideal to be used where it is being bashed around and used often. Beech is also very easy to work with.
Name 3 types of manufactured boards
MDF
Plywood
Chipboard
Discuss some properties MDF
Smooth, even surface. Easy machined and painted or stained. Also available in water and fire resistant forms. We do not use this at school.
Discuss some properties and uses of plywood
A very strong board which is constructed of layers of veneer or piles which are glued at 90 degrees to each other. Interior and exterior plywood grades are available.
Discuss some properties and uses of chipboard
Made from chips of wood glued together. Usually veneered or covered in plastic laminate.
List 6 hardwood properties
- Hardwoods usually have broad leaves
- Hardwoods come from deciduous or broad leafed trees.
- Hardwoods are special as they are deciduous this means they lose their leaves in autumn.
- You can distinguish hardwoods by the structure of the wood grain
- Hardwoods grow slower than softwoods so they are generally more expensive
- Hardwoods include ash, beech, oak, balsa, teak and mahogany
List 6 properties of manufactured boards
- Manufactured boards are often made of waste wood materials.
- Sawdust is used to make MDF and hardboard
- The sawdust is help together with glue
- Boards are relatively inexpensive and so are often used instead of real wood. They are available in large sheet sizes.
- Manufactured boards do not look as good as real wood.
- Manufactured boards are often covered with a thin layer of real wood which is called a veneer this improves the appearance.
There are 3 types of joining adhesives, what are they?
- PVA
- CASAMITE
- Mechanical joining
Comment on PVA adhesive for joining wood
This adhesive gives a strong joint but takes 4-24 hours to dry. Wood needs holding under pressure during this time so that the adhesive penetrates the wood grain.
PVA is a liquid, white in colour, clear when dry.
It can be water soluble and water proof
Discuss the properties of CASAMITE
Synthetic resin
This adhesive is waterproof and gives a strong point.
It takes 6-8 hours to dry. It comes as a powder and must be mixed into a paste to be used. The wood needs to be clamped together while drying.
Discuss the properties of mechanical joining
These include nails, tacks and screws. These come in a variety of lengths and diameters.
What are the two main reasons that the surface of a wood is finished?
Aesthetics
Protection
What are aesthetics?
A finish will improve the way the product looks, bringing the natural colour and grain pattern out.
Discuss protection as a reason for finishing
Applying a surface will protect the product in use
How do you prepare a wood before applying a finishing?
Before applying a finish the wood will need to be prepared. If you have the skill level, then a sharp plane will be good enough to prepare the surface with the grain. Otherwise the use of a mechanical sander and hand sanding with glass paper and a sanding block will be appropriate.
List 5 methods of finishing of wood
Sealer Wax Oil Stain Paint
Discuss the use of a sealer to finish wood
This adds a shine to the surface and offers some protection from dirt and natural oils. It is often the first coat being followed by another type of finish on top.
Discuss the use of a wax to finish wood
There are two main types: bees wax, a natural option and silicon polish.
Both of these are solid and need to be rubbed into the surface with a clean cloth, once dried the surface can be buffed to a high shine.
Discuss the use of a oil to finish wood
There are a number of different types: teak oil, danish oil, linseed oil.
They add shine to the surface and are usually in a liquid form that is applied with a brush or a cloth.
Discuss the use of a stain to finish wood
A stain alters the colour of the wood soaking into the surface, but still allowing the grain to be visible.
Discuss the use of a paint to finish wood
This adds colour to the wood, often hiding the grain pattern. There are a variety of options: Matt, silk or gloss. Paints are either water or oil based
Describe the 4 steps to making a housing joint
- Get 3 pieces of wood and draw lines on the hem to show where you will cut out the housing joint.
It has to be 2 cm away from the edge of the wood so it doesn’t crack - Get a lemon saw and cut down the sides of you markings
- Chisel out thin strips in the gap between you marks right down to the pencil line.
- Put glue on the sides and the bottom of the piece of wood that is going in. Push it in and clamp them together.
- Wipe away excess glue with a damp cloth.
- Leave to dry overnight.
