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Textiles Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What are the raw materials of textiles?

A

Fibres

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2
Q

What are fibres?

A

They are fine, hair like structures available in short lengths or long continuous filaments.

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3
Q

There are 3 groups of fibres, what are they?

A

Natural fibres
Regenerated fibres
Synthetic fibres

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4
Q

What are natural fibres?

A

Fibres which come from animals and plants

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5
Q

What are regenerated fibres?

A

Fibres that come from natural, non-fibrous sources, such as trees. They are treated with chemicals

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6
Q

What are synthetic fibres?

A

Fibres made from chemicals usually oil or coal based

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7
Q

What is a yarn?

A

Yarn is made by spinning or twisting fibres together.

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8
Q

What has to happen to yarn before it is spun?

A

To be spun, natural short fibres must be cleaned to remove dirt and waste, carded to untangle the fibres and put in parallel and in line with each other and finally drawn into a silver, ready for spinning.

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9
Q

Describe the spinning of yarn.

A

The yarn is spun by twisting it anti clockwise ( S twist) or clockwise (Z twist).

More complex yarns are made by combining S and Z twists together in equal amounts.

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10
Q

What are fabrics made from?

A

Fabric is made from yarn

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11
Q

What does yarn form when it knitted or woven?

A

Into large sheets

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12
Q

Name a non woven fabric

A

Felt

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13
Q

How is felt made?

A

It is made by bonding loose fibres together in a process similar to paper making. This property of the fibres depends on the fibres used and the method used to construct it.

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14
Q

What do woven, non woven and knitted fibres look like?

A

Think of the picture. You may be asked to identify the different types of textile from diagrams.

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15
Q

Describe cotton

A

A natural vegetable, cellulose fibre
Fibres come from the ripened seed pod of the cotton plant
It is soft and fluffy

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16
Q

Describe wool

A

A natural animal protein fibre from sheep’s fleece

A warm, soft, absorbent, crease-resistant fibre

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17
Q

Describe silk

A

A natural animal protein fibre from a moths cocoon

A smooth lustrous strong fibre

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18
Q

Describe linen

A

A natural vegetable cellulose fibre from the stalks of the flax plant

A very strong fibre

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19
Q

Describe acetate

A

A regenerated fibre made from wood pulp combined with acetic acid
A soft fibre

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20
Q

Describe viscous

A

A regenerated fibre made from the wood pulp of pine or beech

Produces an absorbent fibre

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21
Q

Describe polyamide (nylon)

A

Chemically produced from two different monomers

A strong durable fibre

Warm and crease resistant

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22
Q

Describe tactel

A

Derived from polyamide

Has a high strength to weight ration

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23
Q

Describe polyester

A

Chemically produced from oil
Combines well with other fibres
A strong durable fibre

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24
Q

Describe acrylic

A

Similar to wool

A very soft and warm fibre

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25
Describe elastase (Lycra)
A polyurethane fibre Strong and extremely elastic Can be stretched up to 7 times its length and instantly recovers to its original shape Combines well with other fibres
26
What is another name for elastane?
Lycra
27
What is another name for polyamide?
Nylon
28
Give some uses of cotton
Denim, towelling, underwear, blouses, shirts, trousers
29
Give some uses of wool
Knitted fabrics, sweaters, suits, dresses, carpets
30
Give some uses of silk
Dresses, shirts and ties
31
Give some uses of linen
Dresses, suits, trousers and furnishings
32
Give some uses of acetate and viscose
Underwear Regenerated fibres are very flexible in their properties and uses and can be used to make lots of items.
33
Give some uses of nylon
Socks, tights, stockings, sofas, chairs, carpets
34
Give a use of tactel
Underwear | Ski wear
35
Give some uses of polyester
Sportswear Often mixed with cotton to produce polyester cotton blend which is lightweight and quick drying
36
Give some uses of acrylic
Fake fur, furnishings
37
Give some uses of elastane (Lycra)
Swim wear | Sports wear
38
Of the 3 types of fibres which one is most environmentally friendly? Explain your answer
Natural fibres These come from natural sources such as plants and animals. This type of fibre is environmentally friendly and does not use any non renewable resources.
39
Give some advantages and disadvantages of choosing cotton to make textiles
Fabrics made from 1. Environmentally friendly to make and dispose of 2. hard wearing and cool to wear 3) however it can be expensive
40
Are regenerated fibres environmentally friendly? Explain your answer
Regenerated fibres come from natural non fibrous sources which are then treated with chemicals to produce fibres. These fibres are part natural and part artificial and so are no so environmentally friendly as they use chemicals to produce.
41
Are synthetic fibres environmentally friendly?
No. These fibres are made from chemicals only; these chemicals include oil and coal. This type of fibre is not very good for the environment, producing it uses non renewable resources.
42
Why do people continue to make synthetic fibres if they are made using non renewable energy and chemicals and take a long time to decompose?
Fabrics made in this way are very versatile and can be used in lots of ways and so manufacturer’s like them
43
Give four examples of natural fibres
Cotton Wool Silk Linen
44
Give two examples of regenerated fibres
Acetate and viscose
45
Give 5 examples of synthetic fibres
Polyester Lycra Tactical Polyester and acrylic mix
46
How is yarn made?
By spinning fibres together
47
What are the properties of woven fabric?
Non starchy Frays Has a straight grain
48
What are the properties of non woven fabric?
Weak when wet | Doesn’t fray
49
What are the properties of knitted fabric?
Stretchy Ladders Doesn’t fray
50
When working with textiles, we can use a number of methods to join them together. What two methods are there?
1. Sewing and sticking | 2. Appliqué
51
Discuss the sewing method to join fabrics together
We can use a sewing machine or sew by hand to attach fabrics together. We can also use stitching to tidy edges of fabrics
52
Discuss the appliqué method of joining fabrics together
Use the heat of an iron to melt bondages/vileness. The heat of the iron bonds the fabric together. This is not usually permanent but can hold it in place while you carefully stick around.
53
Why is the material you choose to use or buy important?
When you are designing or making textile products you should try to use materials and processes that do not harm the environment
54
What is the advantage of using natural fibres like cotton or wool?
They can be reused again.
55
Give some examples of what natural fibres can be reused once shredded
``` Mattress filllings Insulation materials Carpet underfelt Washcloths New coats ```
56
Is it possible to possible to reuse synthetic materials?
It is not normally possible to reuse synthetic materials such as nylon and polyester
57
Are synthetic materials easily to dispose of?
No! They are difficult to depose of as they take a long time to rot down. Also many of the processes used in making these fabrics cause problems for the environment
58
What are some of the problems caused in the environment when the synthetic fibres are being made?
1. Some result in waste fumes being pumped into the atmosphere. This contributes to global warming. 2. Some processes use up a great deal of energy. E.g the production of rayon using sodium hydroxide which needs to be neutralised with large amounts of acid before disposal.
59
Why is it a problem that many synthetic fibres are made using fossil fuels such as coal and oil?
Once we have used these resources we cannot replace them
60
How does the production of synthetic fibres result in lots of carbon dioxide being produced?
The coal and oil have to be burnt to make the synthetic fibres . This produces large amounts of carbon dioxide and other by products which are harmful to the environment.
61
How can textiles made from natural fibres cause environmental problems?
Many have to be bleached or dyed. These processes use a vast amount of water and produce a great deal of waste. Much of this waste is poisonous and does not break down easily.
62
Manufacturers have started to develop environmentally friendly materials. Give the name of one such material.
Lyocell was one of the first environmentally friendly synthetic fabrics.
63
What is the environmentally friendly product lyocell made from?
Wood pulp.
64
There are many advantages of lyocell, list some of these.
1. Chemicals used in the spinning process can be reused 2. The manufacturing process produces few waste products and they are not harmful. 3. It’s production process uses less energy 4. It rots away easily. This will defo be a q in the exam
65
Give the the name of a sustainable fabric used today
Hemp
66
What is hemp?
Hemp is a natural plant that grows without the need for pesticides. It improves the quality of the soil where it is grown and it is drought resistant requiring very little water. Hemp also requires very little processing to turn it into fabric.

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